{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:59:51Z","timestamp":1790791191107,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pollinator-mediated selection is a primary driver of floral trait evolution, yet how far phylogenetic history constrains this process remains poorly understood in aerial parasitic plants, whose reproduction depends entirely on animal mutualists. We studied floral divergence in four southern South American Loranthaceae mistletoes: Tristerix aphyllus, T. corymbosus, T. verticillatus, and Desmaria mutabilis, spanning three nested divergence times (Eocene\u2013Pleistocene): an Eocene intergeneric split, a Miocene intrageneric divergence, and a Pleistocene sister-species speciation event.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We measured five floral traits (ovary length, tepal length, pistil length, stamen length, and herkogamy) in 78 individuals (15\u201322 per species) and quantified divergence using linear discriminant analysis with leave-one-out cross-validation, Mahalanobis distances, and effect sizes (\u03b72).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All five traits differed among species overall, although not every species pair was separated by every trait, and the discriminant analysis assigned 82.1% of individuals correctly. Desmaria mutabilis was the most distinct species (Mahalanobis distances: 6.83\u20137.46 from all Tristerix species), consistent with its position as the intergeneric outgroup and with its pollination biology: it flowers in summer and receives far more insect than hummingbird visits. Tristerix verticillatus was intermediate, while Pleistocene sister species T. aphyllus and T. corymbosus, which share Sephanoides sephaniodes as pollinator despite radical ecological divergence, were nearly morphologically indistinguishable (d = 1.174). Ovary length was the most informative trait (\u03b72 = 0.805) and herkogamy most clearly separated D. mutabilis from the ornithophilous Tristerix clade.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Floral similarity among the three Tristerix species reflects retention of a shared ornithophilous morphology rather than convergence, since they form a clade. Morphological distance is ordered as their divergence times are, a nested pattern consistent with the Andean orogeny-driven history of the group. Four species sampled at two sites cannot, however, separate divergence time from the differences that accumulate alongside it.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcag317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:02:07Z","timestamp":1790769727000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Floral morphology tracks divergence time despite radical ecological shifts in southern South American mistletoes"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Fiorella","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Asesor\u00eda y Consultor\u00eda Ecorestaura SpA , Hijuelas 2310000 ,","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso , Valpara\u00edso 2373223 ,","place":["Chile"]},{"name":"Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi), \u00a0 Valdivia 5090000 ,","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isidora B","family":"Sep\u00falveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso , Valpara\u00edso 2373223 ,","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 I","family":"Orellana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso , Valpara\u00edso 2373223 ,","place":["Chile"]},{"name":"Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi), \u00a0 Valdivia 5090000 ,","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo C","family":"Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INIBIOMA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue) , Bariloche 8400, R\u00edo Negro ,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8585-2816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco E","family":"Font\u00farbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso , Valpara\u00edso 2373223 ,","place":["Chile"]},{"name":"Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi), \u00a0 Valdivia 5090000 ,","place":["Chile"]},{"name":"Parasitic Plants Research Group, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia , Vit\u00f3ria da Conquista, Bahia 45031-900 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"container-title":["Annals of Botany"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aob\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/aob\/mcag317\/71528271\/mcag317.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aob\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/aob\/mcag317\/71528271\/mcag317.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:50:18Z","timestamp":1790790618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aob\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/aob\/mcag317\/8854736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aob\/mcag317","relation":{},"ISSN":["1095-8290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1095-8290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"article-number":"mcag317"}}