{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T18:51:27Z","timestamp":1775242287442,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mci236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,11]],"date-time":"2005-08-11T00:14:43Z","timestamp":1123719283000},"page":"845-852","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Plant Traits, Environmental Factors, and Pollinator Visitation in Winter-flowering Helleborus foetidus (Ranunculaceae)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"ALFONSO M.","family":"S\u00c1NCHEZ-LAFUENTE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JAVIER","family":"GUITI\u00c1N","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00d3NICA","family":"MEDRANO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CARLOS M.","family":"HERRERA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PEDRO J.","family":"REY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"XIM","family":"CERD\u00c1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aizen MA. 2003 . Influences of animal pollination and seed dispersal on winter-flowering in a temperate mistletoe. Ecology84: 2613\u20132627.","DOI":"10.1890\/02-0521"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersson S. 1994 . Floral stability, pollination efficiency, and experimental manipulation of the corolla phenotype in Nemophila menziesii (Hydrophyllaceae). American Journal of Botany81: 1397\u20131402.","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1537-2197.1994.tb15624.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B3","unstructured":"Beattie AJ. 1971 . Itinerant pollinators in a forest. Madro\u00f1o21: 120\u2013124."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burd M. 1995 . Pollinator behavioural responses to reward size in Lobelia deckenii: no escape from pollen limitation of seed set. Journal of Ecology3: 865\u2013872.","DOI":"10.2307\/2261423"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campbell DR, Waser NM, Price MV, Lynch EA, Mitchell RJ. 1991 . Components of phenotypic selection: pollen export and flower corolla width in Ipomopsis aggregata. Evolution45: 1458\u20131467.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1991.tb02648.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chazdon RL. 1988 . Sunflecks and their importance to forest understorey plants. Advances in Ecological Research18: 1\u201363.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2504(08)60179-8"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B7","unstructured":"Conner JK, Rush S. 1996 . Effects of flower size and number on pollinator visitation to wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum. Oecologia105: 509\u2013516."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cresswell JE. 2000 . A comparison of bumblebees' movements in uniform and aggregated distributions of their forage plant. Ecological Entomology25: 19\u201325.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2311.2000.00230.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cresswell JE, Galen C. 1991 . Frequency-dependent selection and adaptive surfaces for floral character combinations: the pollination of Polemonium viscosum. American Naturalist138: 1342\u20131353.","DOI":"10.1086\/285290"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cruzan MB, Neal PR, Wilson MF. 1988 . Floral display in Phyla incisa: consequences for male and female reproductive success. Evolution42: 505\u2013515.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1988.tb04156.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Jong TJ, Klinkhamer PGL. 1994 . Plant size and reproductive success through female and male function. Journal of Ecology82: 399\u2013402.2","DOI":"10.2307\/2261307"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eckhart VM. 1991 . The effects of floral display on pollinator visitation vary among populations of Phacelia linearis (Hydrophillaceae). Evolutionary Ecology5: 370\u2013384.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02214154"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eckhart VM. 1992 . Spatio-temporal variation in abundance and variation in foraging behavior of the pollinators of gynodioecious Phacelia linearis (Hydrophyllaceae). Oikos64: 573\u2013586.","DOI":"10.2307\/3545177"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gigord LDB, Macnair MR, Smithson A. 2001 . Negative frequency-dependent selection maintains a dramatic flower color polymorphism in the rewardless orchid Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA98: 6253\u20136255.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.111162598"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez JM. 2000 . Phenotypic selection and response to selection in Lobularia maritima: importance of direct and correlational components of natural selection. Journal of Evolutionary Biology13: 689\u2013699.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.2000.00196.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guiti\u00e1n J, Guiti\u00e1n P, Medrano M, S\u00e1nchez JM. 1999 . Variation in floral morphology and individual fecundity in Erythronium dens-canis (Liliaceae). Ecography22: 708\u2013714.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.1999.tb00520.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera CM. 1988 . Variation in mutualisms: the spatio-temporal mosaic of a pollinator assemblage. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society35: 95\u2013125.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1988.tb00461.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera CM. 1993 . Selection on floral morphology and environmental determinants of fecundity in a hawk moth-pollinated violet. Ecological Monographs63: 251\u2013275.","DOI":"10.2307\/2937101"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera CM. 1995 . Microclimate and individual variation in pollinators: flowering plants are more than their flowers. Ecology76: 1516\u20131524.","DOI":"10.2307\/1938153"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B20","unstructured":"Herrera CM. 1995 . Floral biology, microclimate, and pollination by ectothermic bees in an early-blooming herb. Ecology76: 218\u2013228."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera CM. 1996 . Floral traits and plant adaptation to insect pollinators: a devil's advocate approach. In: Lloyd, DG, Barrett, SCH, eds. Floral biology\u2014studies on floral evolution in animal-pollinated plants. New York, NY: Chapman & Hall, 65\u201387.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-1165-2_3"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera CM. 1997 . Thermal biology and foraging responses of insect pollinators to the forest floor irradiance mosaic. Oikos78: 601\u2013611.","DOI":"10.2307\/3545623"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera CM. 2000 . Measuring the effects of pollinators and herbivores: evidence for non-additivity in a perennial herb. Ecology81: 2170\u20132176.","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2000)081[2170:MTEOPA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera CM. 2000 . Flower-to-seedling consequences of different pollination regimes in an insect-pollinated shrub. Ecology81: 15\u201329.","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2000)081[0015:FTSCOD]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera CM. 2001 . Deconstructing a floral phenotype: do pollinators select for corolla integration in Lavandula latifolia?Journal of Evolutionary Biology14: 574\u2013584.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.2001.00314.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera CM. 2002 . Censusing natural microgametophyte populations: variable spatial mosaics and extreme fine-graininess in winter-flowering Helleborus foetidus (Ranunculaceae). American Journal of Botany89: 1570\u20131578.","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.89.10.1570"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera CM, Soriguer RC. 1983 . Intra- and inter-floral heterogeneity of nectar production in Helleborus foetidus L. (Ranunculaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society86: 253\u2013260.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8339.1983.tb00972.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera CM, S\u00e1nchez-Lafuente AM, Medrano M, Guiti\u00e1n J, Cerd\u00e1 X, Rey PJ. 2001 . Geographical variation in autonomous self-pollination levels unrelated to pollinator service in Helleborus foetidus (Ranunculaceae). American Journal of Botany88: 1025\u20131032.","DOI":"10.2307\/2657084"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera CM, Cerd\u00e1 X, Garc\u00eda MB, Guiti\u00e1n J, Medrano M, Rey PJ, et al . 2002 . Floral integration, phenotypic covariance structure and pollinator variation in bumblebee-pollinated Helleborus foetidus. Journal of Evolutionary Biology15: 108\u2013121.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.2002.00365.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horvitz CC, Schemske DW. 1990 . Spatiotemporal variation in insect mutualisms of a Neotropical herb. Ecology71: 1085\u20131097.","DOI":"10.2307\/1937377"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jennersten O, Nilsson SG. 1993 . Insect flower visitation frequency and seed production in relation to patch size of Viscaria vulgaris (Caryophyllaceae). Oikos68: 283\u2013292.","DOI":"10.2307\/3544841"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karban R. 1997 . Neighbourhood affects a plant's risk of herbivory and subsequent success. Ecological Entomology22: 433\u2013439.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2311.1997.00081.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klinkhamer PGL, de Jong TJ, De Bruyn GJ. 1989 . Plant size and pollinator visitation in Cynoglossum officinale. Oikos54: 201\u2013204.","DOI":"10.2307\/3565267"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laverty TM. 1992 . Plant interactions for pollinator visits: a test of the magnet species effect. Oecologia89: 502\u2013508.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00317156"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maad J. 2000 . Phenotypic selection in hawkmoth-pollinated Platanthera bifolia: targets and fitness surfaces. Evolution54: 112\u2013123.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00012.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayfield MM, Waser NM, Price MV. 2001 . Exploring the \u2018most effective pollinator principle\u2019 with complex flowers: bumblebees and Ipomopsis aggregata. Annals of Botany88: 591\u2013596.","DOI":"10.1006\/anbo.2001.1500"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitchell RJ. 1993 . Adaptive significance of Ipomopsis aggregata nectar production: observation and experiment in the field. Evolution47: 25\u201335.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1993.tb01196.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitchell RJ, Karron JD, Holmquist KG, Bell JM. 2004 . The influence of Mimulus ringens floral display size on pollinator visitation patterns. Functional Ecology18: 116\u2013124.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2004.00812.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Motten AF. 1986 . Pollination ecology of the spring wildflower community of a temperate deciduous forest. Ecological Monographs56: 21\u201342.","DOI":"10.2307\/2937269"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murcia C. 1990 . Effect of floral morphology and temperature on pollen receipt and removal in Ipomoea trichocarpa. Ecology71: 1098\u20131109.","DOI":"10.2307\/1937378"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niesenbaum RA. 1994 . Spatial and temporal variation in pollen tube numbers in Lindera benzoin (Spicebush). Canadian Journal of Botany72: 268\u2013271.","DOI":"10.1139\/b94-036"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O'Connell LM, Johnston MO. 1998 . Male and female pollination success in a deceptive orchid: a selection study. Ecology79: 1246\u20131260.","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1998)079[1246:MAFPSI]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Philipp M, Hansen T. 2000 . The influence of plant and corolla size on pollen deposition and seed set in Geranium sanguineum (Geraniaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany20: 129\u2013140.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-1051.2000.tb01556.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B44","unstructured":"Proctor M, Yeo P. 1973. The pollination of flowers. London: Collins."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Queller DC. 1997 . Pollen removal, paternity, and the male function of flowers. American Naturalist149: 585\u2013595.","DOI":"10.1086\/286007"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B46","unstructured":"Robertson JL, Wyatt R. 1990 . Evidence for pollination ecotypes in the yellow-fringed orchid, Platanthera ciliaris. Evolution44: 121\u2013133."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B47","unstructured":"SAS Institute. 1996 . SAS\/STAT software: changes and enhancements through Release 6\u00b711. Cary, NC: SAS Institute."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schemske DW, Horvitz CC. 1989 . Temporal variation in selection on a floral character. Evolution43: 461\u2013465.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1989.tb04240.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B49","unstructured":"Sih A, Baltus MS. 1987 . Patch size, pollinator behavior and pollinator limitation in Catnip. Ecology68: 1679\u20131690."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B50","unstructured":"Sowig P. 1989 . Effects of flowering plant's patch size on species composition of pollinator communities, foraging strategies, and resource partitioning in bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Oecologia78: 550\u2013558."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B51","unstructured":"Steege HT. 1996 . WinPhot 5: a programme to analyze vegetation indices, light and light quality from hemispherical photographs. Tropenbos Guyana Reports 95-2, Tropenbos Guyana Programme, Georgetown, Guyana."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson JD. 2001 . How do visitation patterns vary among pollinators in relation to floral display and floral design in a generalist pollination system? Oecologia126: 386\u2013394.","DOI":"10.1007\/s004420000531"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Totland \u00d8. 2001 . Environment-dependent pollen limitation and selection on floral traits in an alpine species. Ecology82: 2233\u20132244.","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2001)082[2233:EDPLAS]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Totland \u00d8, Matthews I. 1998 . Determinants of pollinator activity and flower preference in the early spring blooming Crocus vernus. Acta Oecologica19: 155\u2013165.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1146-609X(98)80019-2"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Totland \u00d8, Andersen HL, Bjelland T, Dahl V, Eide W, Houge S, et al . 1998 . Variation in pollen limitation among plants and phenotypic selection on floral traits in an early-spring flowering herb. Oikos82: 491\u2013501.","DOI":"10.2307\/3546370"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vesprini JL, Nepi M, Pacini E. 1999 . Nectary structure, nectar secretion patterns and nectar composition in two Helleborus species. Plant Biology1: 560\u2013568.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1438-8677.1999.tb00784.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waser NM, Price MV. 1981 . Pollinator choice and stabilizing selection for flower color in Delphinium nelsonii. Evolution35: 376\u2013390.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1981.tb04896.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B58","unstructured":"Waser NM, Chittka L, Price MV, Williams NM, Ollerton J. 1996 . Generalization in pollination systems, and why it matters. Ecology77: 1043\u20131060."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Werner K, Ebel F. 1994 . Zur Lebensgeschichte der Gattung Helleborus L. (Ranunculaceae). Flora189: 97\u2013130.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0367-2530(17)30578-9"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Willson MF. 1979 . Sexual selection in plants. American Naturalist113: 777\u2013790.","DOI":"10.1086\/283437"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson P. 1995 . Selection for pollination success and the mechanical fit of Impatiens flowers around bumblebee bodies. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society55: 355\u2013383.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1995.tb01071.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson P, Thomson JD. 1996 . How do flowers diverge? In: Lloyd, DG, Barrett, SCH, eds. Floral biology\u2014studies on floral evolution in animal-pollinated plants. New York, NY: Chapman & Hall, 88\u2013111.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-1165-2_4"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171011012250_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young HJ, Stanton ML. 1990 . Influences of floral variation on pollen removal and seed production in wild radish. Ecology71: 536\u2013547.","DOI":"10.2307\/1940307"}],"container-title":["Annals of Botany"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aob\/article-pdf\/96\/5\/845\/435448\/mci236.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T21:05:10Z","timestamp":1586379910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aob\/article\/96\/5\/845\/180626\/Plant-Traits-Environmental-Factors-and-Pollinator"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,10]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aob\/mci236","relation":{},"ISSN":["1095-8290","0305-7364"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1095-8290","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0305-7364","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,10]]}}}