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In the Congo Basin, however, weaker seasonality causes asynchrony of wood traits between trees. Here, we monitor growth and phenology data to date the formation of traits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For two seasons, leaf and cambial phenology were monitored on four Terminalia superba trees (Mayombe) using cameras, cambial pinning and dendrometers. Subsequently, vessel lumen and parenchyma fractions as well as high-resolution isotopes (\u03b413C\/\u03b418O) were quantified on the formed rings. All traits were dated and related to weather data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed between-tree differences in green-up of 45 d, with trees flushing before and after the rainy season. The lag between green-up and onset of xylem formation was 59 \u00b1 21 d. The xylem growing season lasted 159 \u00b1 17 d with between-tree differences of up to 53 d. Synchronized vessel, parenchyma and \u03b413C profiles were related to each other. Only parenchyma fraction and \u03b413C were correlated to weather variables, whereas the \u03b418O pattern showed no trend.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Asynchrony of leaf and cambial phenology complicates correct interpretation of environmental information recorded in wood. An integrated approach including high-resolution measurements of growth, stable isotopes and anatomical features allows exact dating of the formation of traits. This methodology offers a means to explore the asynchrony of growth in a rainforest and contribute to understanding this aspect of forest resilience.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcz069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T11:08:44Z","timestamp":1555931324000},"page":"245-253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Asynchronous leaf and cambial phenology in a tree species of the Congo Basin requires space\u2013time conversion of wood traits"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Tom","family":"De Mil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UGCT-UGent-Woodlab, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Gent, Belgium"},{"name":"Royal Museum for Central Africa, Wood Biology Service, Tervuren, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wannes","family":"Hubau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Museum for 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