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Using a comparative framework, we examined photosynthetic capacity between oak species (Quercus spp.) with different leaf habits. We performed gas exchange measurements and micro-computed tomography imaging of leaves to compare their biochemical and anatomical characteristics between evergreen and deciduous oak species and to link these leaf characteristics as drivers of photosynthetic capacity. Deciduous species had higher photosynthetic capacity than evergreen. Deciduous leaves had higher maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco, maximum rate of electron transport, and rate of triose phosphate utilization than evergreen leaves. Their higher photosynthetic capacity was also influenced by leaf anatomical characteristics. Deciduous leaves had more densely packed mesophyll, a greater portion of palisade than spongy mesophyll, and a higher mesophyll surface area than evergreen leaves. Overall, our work suggests that greater investment in leaf structures such as densely packed palisade mesophyll facilitates higher photosynthetic capacity in deciduous species and helps compensate for their shorter growing season.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aobpla\/plaf063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:38:27Z","timestamp":1761745107000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Biochemical and anatomical leaf characteristics of oak trees contribute to differences in photosynthetic capacity between leaf habits"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8039-3681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mina","family":"Momayyezi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8323-5272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyra A","family":"Prats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University , 915 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN 47907 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University , 915 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN 47907 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9466-4761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew J","family":"McElrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"USDA-ARS, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit , 425 Storer Mall, Davis, CA 95616 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9690-6218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgan E","family":"Furze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University , 915 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN 47907 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University , 915 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN 47907 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University , 715 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN 47907 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025111102363905500_plaf063-B1","author":"Adams"},{"key":"2025111102363905500_plaf063-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpaa135","article-title":"Contrasting functional strategies following severe drought in two Mediterranean oaks with different leaf habit: Quercus faginea and Quercus ilex subsp. rotundifolia","volume":"41","author":"Alonso-Forn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tree Physiol"},{"key":"2025111102363905500_plaf063-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/s40725-020-00122-7","article-title":"Revisiting the functional basis of sclerophylly within the leaf economics spectrum of oaks: different roads to Rome","volume":"6","author":"Alonso-Forn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr For Rep"},{"key":"2025111102363905500_plaf063-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.16341","article-title":"The developmental relationship between stomata and mesophyll airspace","volume":"225","author":"Baillie","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"2025111102363905500_plaf063-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1890\/08-2047.1","article-title":"On the differential advantages of evergreenness and deciduousness in Mediterranean oak woodlands: a flux perspective","volume":"20","author":"Baldocchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecol Appl"},{"key":"2025111102363905500_plaf063-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.008250","article-title":"Temperature response of mesophyll conductance. 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