{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T13:21:06Z","timestamp":1787577666707,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"US National Science Foundation (NSF) Research Experience for Undergraduates"},{"name":"Research Experience for Post-Baccalaureate Students","award":["DEB-2025282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB-2025282"]}]},{"name":"Museum Research Traineeship","award":["NRT-2021744"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRT-2021744"]}]},{"name":"NSF Research Experience for Teachers","award":["DEB-2025282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB-2025282"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Embolism is known to occur in leaf venation networks as the leaf dries out. This process is associated with reduced leaf hydraulic conductance that can impact transpiration and photosynthesis. We hypothesize that herbivory or other leaf mechanical damage could introduce additional air into the leaf, leading to further venation-mediated embolism spread during drought. Using the optical vulnerability method, we compared embolism spatial spread rates after either midrib or lamina damage in two species of contrasting venation architecture (pinnate vs. palmate). We then tested the hypothesis that embolism would spread faster near damage locations. We found that there was no consistent effect of damage but rather substantial spatial heterogeneity in how damage influences leaf hydraulic conductance. Herbivory damage and hydraulic damage may have independent effects in the studied species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aobpla\/plag033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T11:16:46Z","timestamp":1786706206000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Embolism does not spread outwards from simulated herbivory damage sites in leaves"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4477-7327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa Sarah","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley , 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Biology, MSC03-2020, 1 University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM 87131 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University , 200 W. Lake St., Fort Collins, CO 80523 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5557-5133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ila\u00edne Silveira","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley , 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Adelaide University , Adelaide, SA 5005 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6871-3440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Todd","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley , 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley , Valley Life Sciences Building #3140, Berkeley, CA 94720 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5061-2385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin Wong","family":"Blonder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley , 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082408290598300_plag033-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11284-009-0623-4","article-title":"Do tropical forest leaves suffer more insect herbivory? A comparison of tropical versus temperate herbivory, estimated from leaf litter","volume":"24","author":"Adams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ecol Res"},{"key":"2026082408290598300_plag033-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14253","article-title":"Xylem embolism spread is largely prevented by interconduit pit membranes until the majority of conduits are gas-filled","volume":"45","author":"Avila","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ"},{"key":"2026082408290598300_plag033-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4865","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1522569113","article-title":"Revealing catastrophic failure of leaf networks under stress","volume":"113","author":"Brodribb","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026082408290598300_plag033-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.17.00552","article-title":"Optical measurement of stem xylem vulnerability","volume":"174","author":"Brodribb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2026082408290598300_plag033-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13846","article-title":"Visual quantification of embolism reveals leaf vulnerability to hydraulic failure","volume":"209","author":"Brodribb","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"2026082408290598300_plag033-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aobpla\/plad002","article-title":"Vein network redundancy and mechanical resistance mitigate gas exchange losses under simulated herbivory in desert plants","volume":"15","author":"Duarte","year":"2023","journal-title":"AoB PLANTS"},{"key":"2026082408290598300_plag033-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14016","article-title":"No gas source, no problem: proximity to pre-existing embolism and segmentation affect embolism spreading in angiosperm xylem by gas diffusion","volume":"44","author":"Guan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ"},{"key":"2026082408290598300_plag033-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/aec.12214","article-title":"Leaf mechanics and herbivory defence: how tough tissue along the leaf body deters growing insect herbivores","volume":"40","author":"Malishev","year":"2015","journal-title":"Austral Ecol"},{"key":"2026082408290598300_plag033-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.20037","article-title":"Leaf venation network architecture coordinates functional trade-offs across vein spatial scales: evidence for multiple alternative designs","volume":"244","author":"Matos","year":"2024","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"2026082408290598300_plag033-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpae092","article-title":"Xylem sap residue in cut-open conduits can affect gas discharge in pneumatic experiments","volume":"46","author":"Miranda","year":"2026","journal-title":"Tree Physiol"},{"key":"2026082408290598300_plag033-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s11258-018-0854-y","article-title":"Massive release of volatile organic compounds due to leaf midrib wounding in Populus tremula","volume":"219","author":"Portillo-Estrada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Ecol"},{"key":"2026082408290598300_plag033-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709333105","article-title":"Leaf palmate venation and vascular redundancy confer tolerance of hydraulic disruption","volume":"105","author":"Sack","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026082408290598300_plag033-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.16.01643","article-title":"Outside-xylem vulnerability, not xylem embolism, controls leaf hydraulic decline during dehydration","volume":"173","author":"Scoffoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2026082408290598300_plag033-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14256","article-title":"Leaf vein xylem conduit diameter influences susceptibility to embolism and hydraulic decline","volume":"213","author":"Scoffoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"2026082408290598300_plag033-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12413","article-title":"Are leaves \u2018freewheelin\u2019? 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