{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:56:39Z","timestamp":1791262599095,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2661,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Investments for the Future","award":["ANR-10-EQPX-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-EQPX-16"]}]},{"name":"Investments for the Future","award":["XYLOFOREST"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XYLOFOREST"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (United States)","award":["DGE-1326120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE-1326120"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation Graduate Research Opportunities Worldwide Fellowship (United States)"},{"name":"Chateaubriand Fellowship (honorary) (France)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Plant resistance to xylem cavitation is a major drought adaptation trait and is essential to characterizing vulnerability to climate change. Cavitation resistance can be determined with vulnerability curves. In the past decade, new techniques have increased the ease and speed at which vulnerability curves are produced. However, these new techniques are also subject to new artefacts, especially as related to long-vesselled species. We tested the reliability of the \u2018flow rotor\u2019 centrifuge technique, the so-called Cavitron, and investigated one potential mechanism behind the open vessel artefact in centrifuge-based vulnerability curves: the microbubble effect. The microbubble effect hypothesizes that microbubbles introduced to open vessels, either through sample flushing or injection of solution, travel by buoyancy or mass flow towards the axis of rotation where they artefactually nucleate cavitation. To test the microbubble effect, we constructed vulnerability curves using three different rotor sizes for five species with varying maximum vessel length, as well as water extraction curves that are constructed without injection of solution into the rotor. We found that the Cavitron technique is robust to measure resistance to cavitation in tracheid-bearing and short-vesselled species, but not for long-vesselled ones. Moreover, our results support the microbubble effect hypothesis as the major cause for the open vessel artefact in long-vesselled species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aobpla\/plw011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]],"date-time":"2016-03-24T01:08:49Z","timestamp":1458781729000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Testing the \u2018microbubble effect\u2019 using the Cavitron technique to measure xylem water extraction curves"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Alexandria L.","family":"Pivovaroff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9gis","family":"Burlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Lavigne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Cochard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis S.","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Delzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022113005502025500_PLW011C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/48.3.665","article-title":"Use of centrifugal force in the study of xylem cavitation","volume":"48","author":"Alder","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2022113005502025500_PLW011C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2009.09.001","article-title":"A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests","volume":"259","author":"Allen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Forest Ecology and Management"},{"key":"2022113005502025500_PLW011C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3385","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erq159","article-title":"Limitation of the Cavitron technique by conifer pit aspiration","volume":"61","author":"Beikircher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2022113005502025500_PLW011C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2009.06.001","article-title":"Xylem hydraulic physiology: the functional backbone of terrestrial plant productivity","volume":"177","author":"Brodribb","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Science"},{"key":"2022113005502025500_PLW011C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.129783","article-title":"Hydraulic failure defines the recovery and point of death in water-stressed conifers","volume":"149","author":"Brodribb","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Physiology"},{"key":"2022113005502025500_PLW011C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2010.03393.x","article-title":"Xylem function and growth rate interact to determine recovery rates after exposure to extreme water deficit","volume":"188","author":"Brodribb","year":"2010","journal-title":"The New Phytologist"},{"key":"2022113005502025500_PLW011C7","first-page":"1502","article-title":"Measurement of vulnerability to water stress-induced cavitation in grapevine: a comparison of four techniques applied to a long-vesseled species","volume":"33","author":"Choat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"},{"key":"2022113005502025500_PLW011C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11688","article-title":"Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought","volume":"491","author":"Choat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022113005502025500_PLW011C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3040.2002.00863.x","article-title":"A technique for measuring xylem hydraulic conductance under high negative pressures","volume":"25","author":"Cochard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"},{"key":"2022113005502025500_PLW011C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2005.00526.x","article-title":"Evaluation of a new centrifuge technique for rapid generation of xylem vulnerability curves","volume":"124","author":"Cochard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiologia Plantarum"},{"key":"2022113005502025500_PLW011C11","first-page":"1543","article-title":"Does sample length influence the shape of xylem embolism vulnerability curves? A test with the Cavitron spinning technique","volume":"33","author":"Cochard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"},{"key":"2022113005502025500_PLW011C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erp298","article-title":"The effects of sap ionic composition on xylem vulnerability to cavitation","volume":"61","author":"Cochard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2022113005502025500_PLW011C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4779","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ert193","article-title":"Methods for measuring plant vulnerability to cavitation: a critical review","volume":"64","author":"Cochard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2022113005502025500_PLW011C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12798","article-title":"Recent advances in tree hydraulics highlight the ecological significance of the hydraulic safety margin","volume":"203","author":"Delzon","year":"2014","journal-title":"The New Phytologist"},{"key":"2022113005502025500_PLW011C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.2307\/2444412","article-title":"Techniques for measuring vessel lengths and diameters in stems of woody plants","volume":"76","author":"Ewers","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Journal of Botany"},{"key":"2022113005502025500_PLW011C16","article-title":"Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. 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