{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T08:37:05Z","timestamp":1769762225958,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lip enhancement continues to be one of the most popular facial procedures. State-of-the-art lip enhancement involves sculpting of perilabial soft tissue, in particular, the philtrum, but it is unclear how patients perceive their philtral contours.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to test the impact of the philtrum on attractiveness, and on the perception of facial proportions and age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Respondents (1100, including 50 aesthetic specialists) were presented with 2 sets of identical portraits, 1 set of a young Caucasian female and 1 set of an aged Caucasian female, with 1 portrait in each set having an upper lip lacking any philtral contours. The respondents were asked to choose which upper lip was more attractive, appeared longer, and looked older. Rankings were analyzed according to population demographics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, most respondents considered the young face (84%) and the aged face (68%) with philtral contours to be more attractive. Moreover, the majority of respondents (81%) considered the upper lip of the young face without a philtrum to appear longer in a craniocaudal orientation (67% for the aged image), and 67% of respondents described the image of the young woman with no philtral definition as appearing older (55% for the aged face with no philtrum).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study confirms the authors\u2019 hypothesis that the existence of philtral contours exerts a significant impact on perioral attractiveness, and that its absence can be related to a longer appearance of the upper lip as well as an older facial appearance.<\/jats:p>\n               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Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2022112918500981900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e157","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000000406","article-title":"The impact of geographic, ethnic, and demographic dynamics on the perception of beauty","volume":"25","author":"Broer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022112918500981900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-950176","article-title":"Changing perceptions of beauty: a surgeon\u2019s perspective","volume":"22","author":"Adamson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg."},{"issue":"7","key":"2022112918500981900_CIT0003","first-page":"828","article-title":"Lip attractiveness: a cross-cultural analysis","volume":"37","author":"Heidekrueger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022112918500981900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13118","article-title":"Patient perception of beauty on social media: professional and bioethical obligations in esthetics","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol."},{"key":"2022112918500981900_CIT0005","author":"American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022112918500981900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2016.2049","article-title":"A quantitative approach to determining the ideal female lip aesthetic and its effect on facial attractiveness","volume":"19","author":"Popenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022112918500981900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-1511","article-title":"Is it possible to define the ideal lips?","volume":"38","author":"Kar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022112918500981900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.01.038","article-title":"The current preferred female lip ratio","volume":"45","author":"Heidekrueger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022112918500981900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002752","article-title":"Three-dimensional facial averaging: a tool for understanding facial aging","volume":"138","author":"Lambros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022112918500981900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665618775728","article-title":"Assessing attentional bias in secondary cleft lip deformities: an eye-tracking study","volume":"56","author":"Morzycki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J."}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Surgery 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