{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T10:19:01Z","timestamp":1792491541718,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]],"date-time":"2020-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH Center Core","award":["P30EY014801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY014801"]}]},{"name":"Novabay Pharmaceuticals, Inc"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypochlorous acid (HA) has both anti-microbial and wound-healing properties with a growing role for utilization in pre-procedural care on the face.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors sought to compare the antiseptic property of 0.01% HA solution, 5% povidone iodine (PI), 4% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), and 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) antiseptic on facial skin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective single-center clinical trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 21 participants were recruited. Bacterial growth was seen in CHG (10%), IPA (71%), PI (81%), and HA (95%) of specimens (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.001). CHG had less growth compared with HA (P\u2005=\u2005&amp;lt;0.001), IPA (P\u2005=\u2005&amp;lt;0.001), and PI (P\u2005=\u2005&amp;lt;0.001). No difference in bacterial growth was noted between HA and IPA (P\u2005=\u20050.063) or HA and PI (P\u2005=\u20050.25). Significant differences in mono-microbial and poly-microbial growth were seen between HA and IPA (P\u2005=\u20050.046) and HA and CHG (P\u2005=\u2005&amp;lt;0.001). Staphylococcus epidermidis grew less frequently in CHG (10%), followed by IPA (29%), PI (71%), and HA (71%). Staphylococcus capitis grew less frequently in CHG (0%), followed by PI (14%), HA (24%), and IPA (29%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CHG reduced the bacterial growth compared with HA, PI, and IPA. However, HA, PI, and IPA had insignificant differences in bactericidal effects. Our study provides a supporting role of HA to be considered as an antiseptic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 2<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p\/>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaa322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]],"date-time":"2020-11-28T13:17:09Z","timestamp":1606569429000},"page":"1170-1175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Comparison of Skin Antiseptic Agents and the Role of 0.01% Hypochlorous Acid"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3176-5909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann Q","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Oculoplastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Miami Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, 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