{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T05:50:27Z","timestamp":1792475427516,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Strengthening weakened ligament tissues with injectable fillers to improve their supportive effect may achieve the aesthetic goal of face lifting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study was to design an injectable technique for enhancing the true facial ligaments and dissect the ligaments to provide anatomical guidance for effective injection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six true facial ligaments were chosen as target anatomical sites for injection. Specimens were dissected, and 3-dimensional (3D) images were reconstructed to confirm the exact location of each injection site and to confirm that the proposed injection routes will not cause dangerous vascular damage. A total of 5 patients received the injections; 3D images were taken before and after the injections for comparison and clinical outcome assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The injection technique was designed to target 6 true facial ligaments, as follows. Site 1 targeted the temporal ligamentous adhesion region to lift the lateral ends of the eyebrows. Site 2 targeted the region of the lateral orbital thickening to lift the lateral canthus. Site 3 and site 4 targeted the zygomatic retaining ligaments and zygomatic cutaneous ligaments, respectively, to augment the soft tissues of the midface. Site 5 targeted the region of the maxillary ligament to lessen the nasolabial folds, and site 6 targeted the mandibular ligament to reduce the marionette line.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This site-specific injection technique targeting the true ligaments may lead to increased efficiency and accuracy of face rejuvenation and exert a lifting effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 4<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p\/>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaa348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T07:55:13Z","timestamp":1607586913000},"page":"NP1571-NP1583","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Injectable Filler Technique for Face Lifting Based on Dissection of True Facial Ligaments"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Li-Yao","family":"Cong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou City, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou City, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-En","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou City, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Kang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou City, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.01.034","article-title":"Injection technique in neurotoxins and fillers: planning and basic technique","volume":"79","author":"Alam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2015.07.004","article-title":"Injectable filler techniques for facial rejuvenation, volumization, and augmentation","volume":"23","author":"Bass","year":"2015","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2293","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002293","article-title":"Injectable tissue replacement and regeneration: anatomic fat grafting to restore decayed facial tissues","volume":"7","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219S","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001837","article-title":"Midface: clinical anatomy and regional approaches with injectable fillers","volume":"136","author":"Cotofana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003716","article-title":"Facial assessment and injection guide for botulinum toxin and injectable hyaluronic acid fillers: focus on the midface","volume":"140","author":"de Maio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003544","article-title":"Facial assessment and injection guide for botulinum toxin and injectable hyaluronic acid fillers: focus on the upper face","volume":"140","author":"de Maio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy016","article-title":"Expanding treatment options for injectable agents","volume":"38","author":"Goldberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005607","article-title":"Effective rejuvenation with hyaluronic acid fillers: current advanced concepts","volume":"143","author":"Mckee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sju073","article-title":"Volumizing viaducts of the midface: defining the Beut techniques","volume":"35","author":"Surek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04151.x","article-title":"Midfacial analysis and planning for midface augmentation with injectable filling materials: an anatomical approach","volume":"26","author":"Taheri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X13495405","article-title":"Retaining ligaments of the face: review of anatomy and clinical applications","volume":"33","author":"Alghoul","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-012-9995-x","article-title":"Anatomic study of the retaining ligaments of the face and applications for facial rejuvenation","volume":"37","author":"Rossell-Perry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198901000-00003","article-title":"The retaining ligaments of the cheek","volume":"83","author":"Furnas","year":"1989","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy062","article-title":"Modified composite-flap facelift combined with Finger-Assisted Malar Elevation (FAME): a cadaver study","volume":"38","author":"Cakmak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000233050.10568.66","article-title":"Understanding the finger-assisted malar elevation technique in face lift","volume":"118","author":"Ferreira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000299941.62645.4e","article-title":"The orbicularis retaining ligament of the medial orbit: closing the circle","volume":"121","author":"Ghavami","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2017.44.4.266","article-title":"Review of the nomenclature of the retaining ligaments of the cheek: frequently confused terminology","volume":"44","author":"Seo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318230c939","article-title":"Face lift","volume":"128","author":"Warren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31824ecd77","article-title":"The tear trough ligament: anatomical basis for the tear trough deformity","volume":"129","author":"Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000302462.61624.26","article-title":"The mandibular septum: anatomical observations of the jowls in aging-implications for facial rejuvenation","volume":"121","author":"Reece","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X12452292","article-title":"The transconjunctival deep-plane midface lift: a 9-year experience working under the muscle","volume":"32","author":"Seitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2015.42.5.521","article-title":"Development of facial rejuvenation procedures: thirty years of clinical experience with face lifts","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31817d53fc","article-title":"Vascularized membranes determine the anatomical boundaries of the subcutaneous fat compartments","volume":"123","author":"Schaverien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2017.01193","article-title":"Definitions of groove and hollowness of the infraorbital region and clinical treatment using soft-tissue filler","volume":"45","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X13517897","article-title":"Malar mounds and festoons: review of current management","volume":"34","author":"Kpodzo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2018.06.006","article-title":"The aging face","volume":"102","author":"Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44S","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001752","article-title":"Newer understanding of specific anatomic targets in the aging face as applied to injectables: aging changes in the craniofacial skeleton and facial ligaments","volume":"136","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2011.03.012","article-title":"BeautiPHIcation\u2122: a global approach to facial beauty","volume":"38","author":"Swift","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.05.034","article-title":"Female eye attractiveness\u2013where beauty meets science","volume":"47","author":"Prantl","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021101605275005800_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-012-9904-3","article-title":"Changes in the facial skeleton with aging: implications and clinical applications in facial rejuvenation","volume":"36","author":"Mendelson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Surgery Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asj\/sjaa348\/34839132\/sjaa348.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article-pdf\/41\/11\/NP1571\/40667599\/sjaa348.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article-pdf\/41\/11\/NP1571\/40667599\/sjaa348.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T14:29:31Z","timestamp":1634740171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article\/41\/11\/NP1571\/6029426"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjaa348","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-820X","1527-330X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-820X","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-330X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]]}}}