{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T17:33:00Z","timestamp":1776706380200,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology","award":["201801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201801"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Botulinum type A (BTX-A) injection is a promising treatment for gummy smile (GS), although its effects are varied and inconsistent.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to explore the effect of individual factors on BTX-A treatment for GS, and to establish treatment expectations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this prospective clinical study, a standardized technique comprising bilateral single-point injections of 2 U BTX-A (total, 4 U) was administered to all GS patients. Data were collected at baseline and after 4, 12, and 32 weeks of follow-up. Twenty-nine potential individual factors were analyzed by correlation and regression analysis to exclude confounding bias.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ninety-four patients completed the BTX-A treatment. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the correlation and regression analysis confirmed the following formula: anterior gingival exposure (GE) at 4 weeks = 1.44 + (0.94 \u00d7 baseline anterior GE) \u2212 (1.88 \u00d7 sex) (where male = 1 and female = 2). The confidence interval (CI) of the prediction showed that for all female participants with baseline anterior GE &amp;lt;5.3 mm, the 95% CI of anterior GE was 0.3 to 3.0 mm after 4 weeks of treatment, and 3.0 to 8.9 mm with baseline anterior GE \u22656 mm. For male patients with baseline anterior GEs of 3 and \u22654.6 mm, the 95% CIs were 1.5 to 3.3 mm and 3.2 to 8.9 mm, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The effect of average-dose BTX-A treatment for GS depended on GS severity and patient\u2019s sex, rather than GS etiology and other factors. Female participants with baseline anterior GE &amp;lt;5.3 mm were more likely to show complete improvement after 4 weeks of treatment. However, female participants with baseline anterior GE \u22656.0 mm or male participants were less likely to show complete improvement at 4 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 4<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaa366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T11:54:48Z","timestamp":1608033288000},"page":"NP842-NP850","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Individual Factors of Botulinum Type A in Treatment of Gummy Smile: A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Xi","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology , Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University School of Stomatology , Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University School of Stomatology , Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Facheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fat Grafting Department, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Plastic Surgery Hospital and Institute , Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lidong","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology , Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology , Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fat Grafting Department, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Plastic Surgery Hospital and Institute , Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology , Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2022112918493926100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjv126","article-title":"Commentary on: Botulinum toxin for the treatment of excessive gingival display: a systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Polo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg 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