{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T01:46:28Z","timestamp":1783734388077,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Botulinum toxin injection is the most commonly performed minimally invasive aesthetic procedure in men. Despite various recommendations by experts on the use of onabotulinumtoxin type A in the literature, distinct guidelines for its use in males and females do not exist.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to delineate safe and effective doses for the use of onabotulinumtoxin type A in males for correction of upper facial expression lines.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, the Cochrane database, and Google Scholar were searched from 2002 to 2019 inclusive. Three researchers independently assessed trials for inclusion, extracted data, checked for accuracy, and assessed the evidence with AGREE II.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Average dosing recommended for the treatment of upper face expression lines was specific to glabellar frown lines, crow\u2019s feet, and horizontal forehead lines. Changing trends and gender variation was noted in each of the studies. Six of the 11 recommendations suggest the need to alter dosing in male patients, although do not give separate recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is an urgent need for up-to-date recommendations for the use of onabotulinumtoxin type A in upper face expression lines of male patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T15:20:48Z","timestamp":1612538448000},"page":"1439-1453","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Onabotulinumtoxin Type A Dosage for Upper Face Expression Lines in Males: A Systematic Review of Current Recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Rajat","family":"Kandhari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Al","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgical and Interventional Science, University College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitin","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fortis Hospital , Ludhiana, Punjab , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eqram","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital and University College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afshin","family":"Mosahebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital and University College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023010807264469900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaa144","article-title":"The Aesthetic Society\u2019s Cosmetic Surgery National Data Bank: statistics 2019","volume":"40","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023010807264469900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000505","article-title":"Aging in the male face","volume":"42","author":"Keaney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatologic Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023010807264469900_CIT0003","first-page":"5","article-title":"Male aesthetics","volume":"20","author":"Keaney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Skin Therapy Lett."},{"key":"2023010807264469900_CIT0004","article-title":"The human skeleton in forensic medicine. 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