{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T22:49:42Z","timestamp":1787611782435,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although breast implants (BIs) have never been safer, factors such as implant debris may influence complications such as chronic inflammation and illness such as ALCL (anaplastic large cell lymphoma). Do different types of BIs produce differential particulate debris?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to quantify, investigate, and characterize the size, amount, and material type of both loosely bound and adherent surface particles on 5 different surface types of commercial BIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surface particles from BIs of 5 surface types (n\u2005=\u20055\/group), Biocell, Microcell, Siltex, Smooth, SmoothSilk, and Traditional-Smooth, were: (1) removed by a rinsing procedure and (2) removed with ultrapure adhesive carbon tabs. Particles were characterized (ASTM 1877-16) by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray chemical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Particles rinsed from Biocell, Microcell and Siltex were &amp;lt;1 \u03bcm in diameter whereas SmoothSilk and Traditional-Smooth surfaces had median sizes &amp;gt;1 \u03bcm (range, 0.4-2.7 \u03bcm). The total mass of particles rinsed from the surfaces indicated Biocell had &amp;gt;5-fold more particulate compared with all other implants, and &amp;gt;30-fold more than SmoothSilk or Traditional-Smooth implants (&amp;gt;100-fold more for post-rinse adhesion analysis). Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis indicated that the particulate material for Biocell, Microcell, and Siltex was silicone (&amp;gt;50%), whereas particulates from SmoothSilk and Traditional-Smooth implants were predominantly carbon-based polymers, eg, polycarbonate-urethane, consistent with packaging (and were detected on all implant types). Generally, SmoothSilk and Traditional-Smooth implant groups released &amp;gt;10-fold fewer particles than Biocell, Microcell, and Siltex surfaces. Pilot ex vivo tissue analysis supported these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Particulate debris released from BIs are highly dependent on the type of implant surface and are a likely key determinant of in vivo performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 5<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p\/>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T05:01:54Z","timestamp":1612933314000},"page":"NP782-NP793","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Particulate Debris Released From Breast Implant Surfaces Is Highly Dependent on Implant Type"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Nadim James","family":"Hallab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Illinois in Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauryn","family":"Samelko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Illinois in Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2022112918393367300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2466","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002466","article-title":"Breast implant surfaces and their impact on current practices: where we are now and where are we going?","volume":"7","author":"Munhoz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022112918393367300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy293","article-title":"A step forward toward the understanding of the long-term pathogenesis of double capsule formation in macrotextured implants: a prospective histological analysis","volume":"39","author":"Glicksman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022112918393367300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.21037\/gs.2016.11.03","article-title":"Understanding rare adverse sequelae of breast implants: anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, late seromas, and double capsules","volume":"6","author":"Clemens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gland Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022112918393367300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.52B2.340","article-title":"The reaction of bone to self-curing acrylic cement. 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