{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T21:53:09Z","timestamp":1757541189830,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Achieving an aesthetic phalloplasty result is important for patients with acquired or congenital defects of the penis, or with genital-related dysphoria. However, aside from length and girth, the aesthetic proportions of the male penis have not been defined.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to determine proportions of the male penis through photogrammetric analysis of nude male photographs and to verify these proportions with a crowdsourcing-based survey.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nude male photographs (n\u2005=\u2005283) were analyzed to define aesthetic proportions of the male penis. Photographs were analyzed for the position of the penis on the torso in relation to the umbilicus and for the ratio of the dorsal and ventral glans of the penis in relation to the entire shaft length. Proportions were then further studied by crowdsourcing 1026 respondents with Amazon mechanical Turk.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The ideal position of the penis below the umbilicus is about 55% (6\/11th) of the distance from the jugular notch to the umbilicus (measured average, 53.6%; survey-weighted average, 58.9%). The dorsal glans of the penis is about 33% (1\/3rd) of the length of the entire shaft (measured average, 32.1%; survey-weighted average, 37.5%). The ventral glans of the penis is about 12.5% (1\/8th) of the length of the entire shaft (measured average, 12.6%; survey-weighted average, 11.7%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Measured proportions of the human penis follow exact fractions. Crowdsourcing data helped support photogrammetric analysis, with survey-preferred ratios within 5% of measured ratios. With further validation, these data can aid surgeons performing phalloplasty.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T19:47:48Z","timestamp":1613159268000},"page":"1293-1302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Defining Aesthetic Preferences for the Penis: A Photogrammetric and Crowdsourcing Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Jonathan P","family":"Massie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9301-1133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachita","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian T","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hansj\u00f6rg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU School of Medicine , New York, NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9049-2250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel C","family":"Sasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, OH , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shane D","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, WA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Otto","family":"Placik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2022122411045248500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)31936-2","article-title":"Divine proportion in facial esthetics","volume":"9","author":"Ricketts","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg."},{"volume-title":"Proportions of the Aesthetic Face","year":"1984","author":"Powell","key":"2022122411045248500_CIT0002"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022122411045248500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2011.08.006","article-title":"Concepts in aesthetic breast dimensions: analysis of the ideal breast","volume":"65","author":"Mallucci","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022122411045248500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2015.06.012","article-title":"Shapes, proportions, and variations in breast aesthetic ideals: the definition of breast beauty, analysis, and surgical practice","volume":"42","author":"Mallucci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022122411045248500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000485","article-title":"Population analysis of the perfect breast: a morphometric analysis","volume":"134","author":"Mallucci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022122411045248500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171790","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.171790","article-title":"The influence of leg-to-body ratio, arm-to-body ratio and intra-limb ratio on male human attractiveness","volume":"5","author":"Versluys","year":"2018","journal-title":"R Soc Open Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"2022122411045248500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X14543514","article-title":"Plastic surgery trends parallel Playboy magazine: the pudenda preoccupation","volume":"34","author":"Placik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022122411045248500_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13010","article-title":"Am I normal? 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