{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:12:34Z","timestamp":1759709554230,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1F1A1072795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1F1A1072795"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ophthalmic artery occlusion (OAO) and retinal artery occlusion (RAO) after facial filler injection have become increasingly significant due to the growth in cosmetic injection procedures for aesthetic purposes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term visual outcomes and complications of cosmetic facial filler\u2013related OAO and RAO.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This single-center, retrospective case series included 17 eyes of 16 filler-related OAO or RAO patients with a follow-up period of 1 year or longer. Main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and long-term complications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mean [standard deviation] age at diagnosis was 31.7\u2005[9.7] years; all the patients were female. The mean follow-up period was 5.4\u2005[2.4] years. The mean BCVA was 2.34 and 2.41 logMAR at the initial and final visits, respectively, which indicates sustained long-term visual impairment. Ocular complications included retinal atrophy and degeneration (100.0%), optic atrophy and blindess (no light perception) (82.4%), strabismus (80.0%), retinal fibrous membrane (68.8%), posterior synechiae (35.3%), neovascularization (29.4%), iris atrophy and cataract (23.5%), corneal opacity and phthisis bulbi (17.6%), visual field defect and iris defect (11.8%), ophthalmoplegia (7.7%), and pupillary block (5.9%). Extraocular complications of brain infarction and depression were found in 25.0%, whereas skin necrosis was found in 13.3% of patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Facial filler\u2013related OAO or RAO resulted in long-term poor visual outcome, and most of the patients experienced irreversible visual impairment with no light perception despite various treatments. Various long-term ocular and extraocular complications were observed, which should be monitored for a long-term follow-up period. Our findings suggest that prevention should be emphasized more than treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 4<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T06:08:38Z","timestamp":1613974118000},"page":"196-204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Long-term Outcomes of Ophthalmic and Retinal Artery Occlusion After Cosmetic Facial Filler Injection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Yun Jeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3692-7169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se Joon","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seongnam , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.04.019","article-title":"Iatrogenic retinal artery occlusion caused by cosmetic facial filler injections","volume":"154","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.8204","article-title":"Iatrogenic occlusion of the ophthalmic artery after cosmetic facial filler injections: a national survey by the Korean Retina Society","volume":"132","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(89)90823-4","article-title":"Sudden unilateral visual loss after autologous fat injection into the glabellar area","volume":"107","author":"Dreizen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0004","first-page":"777","article-title":"Case reports and small case series: ocular and cerebral ischemia following facial injection of autologous fat","volume":"119","author":"Danesh-Meyer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2006.01224.x","article-title":"Retinal branch artery occlusion following injection of hyaluronic acid (Restylane)","volume":"34","author":"Peter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182442363","article-title":"Blindness following cosmetic injections of the face","volume":"129","author":"Lazzeri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.10.012","article-title":"Iatrogenic retinal artery occlusion caused by cosmetic facial filler injections","volume":"155","author":"Lazzeri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.498","article-title":"Cosmetic facial fillers and severe vision loss","volume":"132","author":"Carle","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2013.05.018","article-title":"Panophthalmoplegia and vision loss after cosmetic nasal dorsum injection","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.08.030","article-title":"Central retinal artery occlusion with concomitant ipsilateral cerebral infarction after cosmetic facial injections","volume":"346","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2015.30.12.1847","article-title":"Cerebral angiographic findings of cosmetic facial filler-related ophthalmic and retinal artery occlusion","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci."},{"key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0276-3","article-title":"A case report of ophthalmic artery emboli secondary to calcium hydroxylapatite filler injection for nose augmentation\u2014long-term outcome","volume":"16","author":"Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2016.30.5.352","article-title":"Incidence and clinical features of neovascularization of the iris following acute central retinal artery occlusion","volume":"30","author":"Jung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2016.10.008","article-title":"Tractional retinal detachment secondary to central retinal artery occlusion after dermal filler injection","volume":"1","author":"Jeng-Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12705","article-title":"Severe vision loss caused by cosmetic filler augmentation: case series with review of cause and therapy","volume":"17","author":"Thanasarnaksorn","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2018.1537287","article-title":"Ocular and cerebral infarction from periocular filler injection","volume":"38","author":"Ansari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orbit."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1177\/2474126419834782","article-title":"Ophthalmic artery occlusion and subsequent retinal fibrosis from a calcium hydroxylapatite filler injection","volume":"3","author":"Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vitreoretin Dis."},{"key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100848","article-title":"Iatrogenic ophthalmic artery occlusion and retinal artery occlusion","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjz338","article-title":"Commentary on: Blindness after facial filler injections: the role of extravascular hyaluronidase on intravascular hyaluronic acid embolism in the rabbit experimental model","volume":"40","author":"DeLorenzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjx221","article-title":"Commentary on: Efficacy of retrobulbar hyaluronidase injection for vision loss resulting from hyaluronic acid filler embolization","volume":"38","author":"DeLorenzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022112410193938100_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjz053","article-title":"Update on avoiding and treating blindness from fillers: a recent review of the world literature","volume":"39","author":"Beleznay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J."}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Surgery Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asj\/sjab099\/36331148\/sjab099.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article-pdf\/42\/2\/196\/47252773\/sjab099.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article-pdf\/42\/2\/196\/47252773\/sjab099.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T10:20:21Z","timestamp":1669285221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article\/42\/2\/196\/6145979"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjab099","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-820X","1527-330X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1090-820X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1527-330X"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]}}}