{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T03:57:10Z","timestamp":1778903830870,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Complications caused by female genital mutilation (FGM), such as clitoral pain, reduced sensation, and diminished sexual function, can be alleviated by clitoral reconstruction, which can also improve the aesthetics and restore the anatomy of the genitalia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to create sensate labial flaps to cover the neoclitoris and assess the outcome of the procedure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Between December 2018 and July 2020, 40 patients with FGM underwent clitoral reconstruction and coverage with sensate labial flaps donated by the remnant of the labia minora and were followed prospectively. Flaps were mapped on the less-mutilated labia minora according to recent descriptions of arterial anatomy and innervation. Before the surgery, the patients\u2019 clitoral sensation was assessed on a 6-point scale and they were also given the Female Sexual Functional Index (FSFI) questionnaire to complete. Eight and 24 weeks postoperatively, the same assessment was repeated and the data compared.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mean Female Sexual Functional Index score increased significantly from 11.64 (range, 2.8-25.6) preoperatively to 29.14 (range, 12.8-35.4) postoperatively. Similarly, clitoral sensation increased significantly from 2.35 (range, 1-4) before the surgery to 4.9 (range, 2-6) after the surgery. In total, 95% of patients benefited from the surgery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Clitoral reconstruction with sensate labial flaps after FGM resulted in significant improvements in sexual function, clitoral sensation, genital aesthetics, and self-esteem.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 4<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T19:58:34Z","timestamp":1620417514000},"page":"183-192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Novel Clitoral Reconstruction and Coverage With Sensate Labial Flaps: Potential Remedy for Female Genital Mutilation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1358-6875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adel M","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Cairo University Hospitals , Giza , Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amr A","family":"Zaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Cairo University Hospitals , Giza , Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022112410194628700_CIT0001","volume-title":"Female Genital Mutilation","author":"WHO","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022112410194628700_CIT0002","article-title":"Female Genital Mutilation and 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