{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T06:07:09Z","timestamp":1782022029754,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hymenoplasty is one of the least described vulvovaginal procedures in plastic surgery without any surgical standard that attempts to restore the hymen\u2019s ability to bleed during sexual intercourse on a couple\u2019s wedding night.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study was to report outcomes from a Moroccan retrospective study of a series of 529 patients who underwent either a hymenorrhaphy or a hymenoplasty.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a retrospective study of 529 patients who underwent hymen restoration at a center in Morocco between April 2010 and April 2019. The data were collected according to the requirements of the center through preoperative and postoperative consultations and in-person or phone post-coital interviews. The procedure consisted of suturing the edges of the hymen remnants with Vicryl 5-0, leaving a small opening in the newly reconstructed hymen. Two techniques\u2014hymenal flap hymenoplasty and vaginal flap hymenoplasty\u2014were employed depending on the presence or absence of hymen remnants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 529 patients underwent hymen restoration, including 42% hymenorrhaphies, 58% hymenoplasties, 39% hymenal flap hymenoplasty, and 19% vaginal flap hymenoplasty. The mean age of the patients was 32 years. Of the 227 women who underwent a hymenorrhaphy, no failure was reported, and all the patients who had sexual intercourse within 15 days of the procedure experienced vaginal bleeding. Of the 99 hymenoplasties employing vaginal flaps, only 1 failure was reported.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The techniques utilized in our cohort are safe and the complications are minor with general satisfaction of patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 4<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T09:11:35Z","timestamp":1626081095000},"page":"NP2053-NP2059","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Hymen Restoration: An Experience From a Moroccan Center"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Abdelilah","family":"Lahlali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Sawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Henri Mondor Hospital , Cr\u00e9teil , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mounia","family":"SidAhmed-Mezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Henri Mondor Hospital , Cr\u00e9teil , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Meningaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Henri Mondor Hospital , Cr\u00e9teil , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Hersant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Henri Mondor Hospital , Cr\u00e9teil , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2023010807270342200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.26.3.217-a","article-title":"Hymenorrhaphy: what happens behind the gynaecologist\u2019s closed door?","volume":"26","author":"Usta","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023010807270342200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.04.023","article-title":"A new surgical technique for hymenoplasty: a solution, but for which problem?","volume":"130","author":"Shaw","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet Off Organ Int Fed Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"2023010807270342200_CIT0003","first-page":"119","article-title":"Les r\u00e9fections chirurgicales de l\u2019hymen en Tunisie. Des techniques de purification et d\u2019absolution?","volume":"17","author":"Dridi","year":"2017","journal-title":"L\u2019Ann\u00e9e Maghreb."},{"key":"2023010807270342200_CIT0004","article-title":"Au Maroc, la virginit\u00e9 \u00e0 tout prix : \u00ab Ils veulent du sang, alors on leur en donne \u00bb","author":"Kadiri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Le Monde.fr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023010807270342200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.163060","article-title":"Surgical revirgination: four vaginal mucosal flaps for reconstruction of a hymen","volume":"48","author":"Saraiya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023010807270342200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-009-0057-9","article-title":"Hymenoplasty \u2014 how to do","volume":"71","author":"Prakash","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023010807270342200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy023","article-title":"Luminal reduction hymenoplasty: a Canadian experience with hymen restoration","volume":"38","author":"Vojvodic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023010807270342200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3109\/13625187.2014.984834","article-title":"Wrestling with the hymen: consultations and practical solutions","volume":"20","author":"Loeber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023010807270342200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3109\/13625187.2011.649866","article-title":"Backgrounds of women applying for hymen reconstruction, the effects of counselling on myths and misunderstandings about virginity, and the results of hymen reconstruction","volume":"17","author":"van Moorst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care Off J Eur Soc Contracept"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023010807270342200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2017.06.005","article-title":"Hymenoplasty and Muslim patients: Islamic ethico-legal perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Bawany","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2023010807270342200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2013-101367","article-title":"Ethical issues in hymenoplasty: views from Tehran\u2019s physicians","volume":"40","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023010807270342200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.12.009","article-title":"A new surgical technique of hymenoplasty","volume":"130","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet Off Organ Int Fed Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023010807270342200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S1028-4559(08)60143-6","article-title":"A cerclage method for hymenoplasty","volume":"47","author":"Ou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023010807270342200_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005883","article-title":"Female genital and vaginal plastic surgery: an overview","volume":"144","author":"Placik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023010807270342200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02254.x","article-title":"Female genital cosmetic and plastic surgery: a review","volume":"8","author":"Goodman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023010807270342200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.07.032","article-title":"Hymen reconstruction: ethical and legal issues","volume":"107","author":"Cook","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet Off Organ Int Fed Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023010807270342200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaa077","article-title":"A new practical surgical technique for hymenoplasty: primary repair of hymen with vestibulo-introital tightening technique","volume":"41","author":"Eserda\u011f","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"7129","key":"2023010807270342200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7129.459","article-title":"Should doctors reconstruct the vaginal introitus of adolescent girls to mimic the virginal state? 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