{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T17:03:15Z","timestamp":1782925395381,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is recent technique for the treatment of gummy smile.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this randomized controlled preliminary clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of BTX-A on excessive gingiva display (EGD) reduction, muscle activity, and patient satisfaction at 2, 8, 12, 16, 21, and 25 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Group 1 (G1) received 4 points of BTX-A application (2 U\/point) for relaxation of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi and levator labii superioris muscles; Group 2 (G2) received 2 points of BTX-A (2 U\/point) for relaxation of only the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A high dropout of patients from follow-up sessions occurred. Therefore, because of this data limitation, the results were considered a preliminary outcome. At 2 weeks, there was a significant difference between baseline regarding the reduction of EGD in G1 and G2, reduction in muscle activity in G1, and increased satisfaction in G1 and G2. At 2 weeks, there was no difference between the 2 groups. Statistically significant EGD reduction was maintained until 16 weeks in G2 and 25 weeks in G1. After 14 days there was a gradual recovery of muscle activity in both groups until recovery of baseline values by 25 weeks. Patients\u2019 satisfaction with treatment lasted 21 weeks in G1 and 16 weeks in G2.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Increasing the number of BTX-A injection points resulted in a prolonged effect regarding EGD reduction and patient satisfaction but did not increase the intensity of the outcome. However, due to the high dropout of patients, this is a preliminary conclusion and further studies are necessary to confirm these results.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 2<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T09:15:42Z","timestamp":1631870142000},"page":"421-430","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Botulinum Toxin A in the Management of a Gummy Smile: A Clinical Controlled Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Aline Bitencourt","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ibirapuera University , S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinete","family":"Romansina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation 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