{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T06:49:02Z","timestamp":1773298142259,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With widespread utilization of instant social media, people desire a minimally invasive treatment to improve alar dynamic aesthetic, but few practical procedures on reducing alar mobility have been conducted.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to verify the effects of botulinum toxin on reducing nasal alar mobility and provide a supplemental treatment of rhinoplasty.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This single-blind prospective study included a cohort of 20 participants with the desire to improve their alar dynamic aesthetic. The experimental group was injected with 3U botulinum toxin type A at dilator naris anterior, dilator naris vestibularis, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, and dilator naris, and the control group received the equivalent of saline. Standardized facial movement (from rest to maximum smile without revealing teeth) was recorded with a 3-dimensional imaging system. The changes between rest and maximum smile statuses represented alar mobility and were generated by MOBILITY=WIDTHsmile\u2212WIDTHrestWIDTHrest\u00d7100\u00a0%\u00a0. Alar mobility and root mean square analysis were employed for postoperative evaluations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the experimental group, alar flaring mobility decreased from 10.05% \u00b1 6.40% to 4.91% \u00b1 3.48%(P &amp;lt; 0.05), and alar base mobility decreased from 16.83% \u00b1 5.69% to 12.50% \u00b1 4.89% (P &amp;lt; 0.05), whereas no significant changes in alar mobility were found in the control group. In root mean square analysis, changes in the experimental group were significantly higher than in the control group (P &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Botulinum toxin type A can effectively restrain alar mobility without any significant adverse events and improve alar dynamic esthetic, which can serve as a minimally invasive method or supplemental treatment for rhinoplasty.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 2<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T09:44:27Z","timestamp":1631871867000},"page":"460-469","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Single-Blinded Prospective Study on Using Botulinum Toxin Type A for Reducing Alar Mobility"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Yehong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dejun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sizheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huichuan","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheyuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200007000-00006","article-title":"Nasal reconstruction based on aesthetic subunits in Orientals","volume":"106","author":"Yotsuyanagi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000242498.43915.93","article-title":"Factors affecting nostril shape in Asian noses","volume":"118","author":"Ducut","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000076506.14942.06","article-title":"Nasal tip sutures part I: the evolution. Nasal tip sutures part II: the interplays","volume":"112","author":"Tebbetts","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0004","volume-title":"Rhinoplasty Dissection Manual","author":"Toriumi","year":"1999"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2018.0486","article-title":"Selfies-living in the era of filtered photographs","volume":"20","author":"Rajanala","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.21115","article-title":"New anatomical profile of the nasal musculature: dilator naris vestibularis, dilator naris anterior, and alar part of the nasalis","volume":"24","author":"Hur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin An"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.10.2.109","article-title":"An anatomical study of the nasal superficial musculoaponeurotic system: surgical applications in rhinoplasty","volume":"10","author":"Saban","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Faialc Plast Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199806000-00027","article-title":"Function of the nasal muscles in normal subjects assessed by dynamic MRI and EMG: its relevance to rhinoplasty surgery","volume":"101","author":"Clark","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2012.05.014","article-title":"Digital anthropometric shape analysis of 110 rhinoplasty patients in the Black Sea region in Turkey","volume":"41","author":"Tuncel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0010","first-page":"67","article-title":"Comparison of three-dimensional surface-imaging systems","author":"Tzou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2016.05.012","article-title":"Comparison of different calculation methods used to analyze facial soft tissue asymmetry: global and partial 3-dimensional quantitative evaluation of healthy subjects","volume":"74","author":"Ozsoy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0012","article-title":"A novel study on alar mobility of HAN female by 3dMD dynamic surface imaging system","author":"Zhong","year":"2021.","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"Supplement_2","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab178","article-title":"The Aesthetic Society\u2019s Cosmetic Surgery National Data Bank: Statistics 2020","volume":"41","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesth Surg J"},{"key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0014","author":"So-young International Inc."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.2319\/091407-437.1","article-title":"Surface anatomy of the lip elevator muscles for the treatment of gummy smile using botulinum toxin","volume":"79","author":"Hwang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Angle Orthodontist."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1996.tb00569.x","article-title":"Cosmetic denervation of the muscles of facial expression with botulinum toxin. A dose-response study","volume":"22","author":"Garcia","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-017-1028-3","article-title":"Assessing normal smiling function through 3D-3D surfaces registration: an innovative method for the assessment of facial mimicry","volume":"42","author":"Pucciarelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.09.007","article-title":"Three-dimensional dynamic analysis of the facial movement symmetry of skeletal class III patients with facial asymmetry","volume":"78","author":"Xue","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.08.062","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of normal smile with 3D stereophotogrammetry--an aid to facial reanimation","volume":"63","author":"Sawyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2010.03.003","article-title":"A comparison of the reproducibility of verbal and nonverbal facial gestures using three-dimensional motion analysis","volume":"142","author":"Popat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2008.10.001","article-title":"New concepts in nasal tip contouring","volume":"17","author":"Toriumi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006328","article-title":"The nasolabial fold: a micro-computed tomography study","volume":"145","author":"Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022112215071902100_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518e","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000475758.63709.23","article-title":"Global aesthetics consensus: botulinum toxin type A--evidence-based review, emerging concepts, and consensus recommendations for aesthetic use, including updates on complications","volume":"137","author":"Sundaram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Surgery Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asj\/sjab343\/40786502\/sjab343.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article-pdf\/42\/5\/460\/47194724\/sjab343.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article-pdf\/42\/5\/460\/47194724\/sjab343.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T15:08:03Z","timestamp":1669129683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article\/42\/5\/460\/6371757"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjab343","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-820X","1527-330X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-820X","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-330X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]}}}