{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T06:27:14Z","timestamp":1757312834597,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients undergoing facial rejuvenation surgery are at unique risk of perioperative complications from the anesthetic utilized during the procedure. The ideal anesthetic agent is one that is safe to use in the outpatient population, has analgesic, sedative, and anesthetic properties, yet does not cause respiratory depression or hemodynamic irregularities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective analysis of a large outpatient facelift cohort was performed to determine if dexmedetomidine, an \u03b1\u200a2-adrenergic receptor agonist, meets the criteria of an ideal adjunct for propofol in a total intravenous anesthesia protocol.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The charts of 791 patients who underwent rhytidectomy with total intravenous anesthesia were reviewed and data of patients\u2019 operative risk factors, perioperative management including medications administered, perioperative vital signs, and postoperative adverse events were recorded. Statistical univariate analyses were performed on the data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dexmedetomidine resulted in a significant reduction and maintenance of blood pressure from onset of anesthesia until discharge from the postanesthetic recovery unit. The utilization of opioids and anxiolytics was significantly less than previously reported for other anesthetic types. The postoperative nausea\/vomiting rate was 0.8% (6 patients). There were no postoperative admissions for inpatient management. Forty-three (5.3%) patients required a conversion to general endotracheal anesthesia and statistically significant risk factors include increased BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists Class II or higher, preoperative hypertension, and multiple procedures performed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine in a large cohort of outpatients undergoing facelift. Dexmedetomidine meets the requirements for an ideal adjunct anesthetic within a total intravenous anesthesia protocol.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 4<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjac113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T15:49:57Z","timestamp":1651765797000},"page":"NP602-NP610","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Total Intravenous Anesthesia With Dexmedetomidine for Hemodynamic Stability and Enhanced Recovery in Facial Aesthetic Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Alec C M","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville , Louisville, KY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swapnil D","family":"Kachare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debra A","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisville Surgery Center , Louisville, KY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Barrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisville Surgery Center , Louisville, KY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1362-7545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T Gerald","family":"O\u2019Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville , Louisville, KY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2022101312234152900_CIT0001","first-page":"e414","article-title":"Cost impact analysis of enhanced recovery after surgery protocol implementation in a radical cystectomy cohort of patients","volume":"197","author":"Chipollini","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022101312234152900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.04.005","article-title":"Accelerated recovery within standardized recovery pathways after esophagectomy: a prospective cohort study assessing the effects of early discharge on outcomes, readmissions, patient satisfaction, and costs","volume":"102","author":"Schmidt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg."},{"key":"2022101312234152900_CIT0003","first-page":"18","article-title":"Development and implementation of a colorectal ERAS pathway","volume-title":". 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