{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:45:06Z","timestamp":1787240706457,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retaining ligaments must be fully released for effective soft-tissue mobilization during sub-superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) facelifts. Standard deep temporal fascia and lateral SMAS fixation techniques may fail earlier than anticipated, which may cause a relapse of facial aging signs. Reconstruction of retaining ligaments was previously proposed to enhance facelift fixation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The author sought to assess the effect of their ligament reconstruction technique on early relapse rates and complication rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was a comparative analysis of 188 consecutive facelift cases where retaining ligaments were reconstructed employing the described techniques. A total 104 patients with standard fixation were analyzed in the control group. A novel set of criteria was established for the diagnosis of early relapse after facelift surgery based on the validated Merz scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early relapse rate was significantly lower (0.53% vs 5.76%) in the ligament reconstruction group compared with the control group. Ligament reconstruction was associated with an increased rate of temporary nerve paralysis (8.5%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sub-SMAS reconstruction of retaining ligaments enhances facelift fixation and reduces the rate of early relapse. Increased risk of temporary neuropraxia is a reasonable trade-off.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 4<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p\/>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjac117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T18:47:38Z","timestamp":1651776458000},"page":"1207-1217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Sub-SMAS Reconstruction of Retaining Ligaments"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Ozan","family":"Bitik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2022101312235724700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/00042728-200802000-00008","article-title":"Review of 1,000 consecutive short-scar 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