{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T04:04:14Z","timestamp":1783742654429,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2022-PUMCH-B-041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-PUMCH-B-041"]}]},{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2022-PUMCH-A-210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-PUMCH-A-210"]}]},{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2022-PUMCH-C-025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-PUMCH-C-025"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005150","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-I2M-1-068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-I2M-1-068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multiple muscles contribute to the formation of dorsal nasal lines (DNLs) and affect nasal aesthetics. Few attempts have been made to explore the range of distribution of DNLs in relation to injection planning.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to classify the distribution types of DNLs and propose a refined injection technique validated by clinical study and cadaver dissection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients were classified into 4 types according to their DNL distribution type. Botulinum toxin type A injections were administered at 6 regular points and 2 optional points. The effect on wrinkle reduction was assessed. Patient satisfaction was recorded. Cadaver dissection was conducted to explore the anatomical evidence of DNL variation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study included 349 treatments in 320 patients (269 females and 51 males), whose DNLs were classified into complex type, horizontal type, oblique type, and vertical type. The severity of DNLs was significantly reduced after treatment. Most patients were satisfied. From the cadaver study, connecting muscular fibers were clearly observed among the muscles involved in the formation of DNLs, and these muscles were collectively named the dorsal nasal complex (DNC) by the authors. Four anatomical variations of the DNC were discovered, corroborating the DNL classification system.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A novel anatomical concept, the DNC, and a classification system for DNLs were proposed. Each of the 4 distribution types of DNLs corresponds to a specific anatomical variation of the DNC. A refined injection technique for DNLs was developed, and its efficacy and safety were demonstrated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjad046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T05:16:56Z","timestamp":1678166216000},"page":"760-770","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Dorsal Nasal Complex in Asians: Anatomical Variations and Injection Guide for Botulinum Toxin Type A"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Yixin","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunzhu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyue","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panxi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2958-1588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayson Chenyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanze","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003716","article-title":"Facial assessment and injection guide for botulinum toxin and injectable hyaluronic acid fillers: focus on the midface","volume":"140","author":"de Maio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14050342","article-title":"Novel anatomical guidelines on botulinum neurotoxin injection for wrinkles in the nose region","volume":"14","author":"Yi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.124.12.1315","article-title":"An anatomical approach to glabellar rhytids","volume":"124","author":"Macdonald","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200110000-00003","article-title":"Nose muscular dynamics: the tip trigonum","volume":"108","author":"Figallo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-010-0679-4","article-title":"New anatomical insight of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi and the transverse part of the nasalis","volume":"32","author":"Hur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237043","article-title":"Heights and spatial relationships of the facial muscles acting on the nasolabial fold by dissection and three-dimensional microcomputed tomography","volume":"15","author":"Hur MS","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-019-01495-2","article-title":"New insights into the three-dimensional anatomy of the facial mimetic muscles related to the nasolabial fold: an iodine staining technique based on nano-computed tomography","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-017-1817-z","article-title":"Anatomical relationships of the procerus with the nasal ala and the nasal muscles: transverse part of the nasalis and levator labii superioris alaeque nasi","volume":"39","author":"Hur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2015.01.010","article-title":"The role of neurotoxins in the periorbital and midfacial areas","volume":"23","author":"Erickson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjz172","article-title":"Multicenter efficacy trial of a percutaneous radiofrequency system for the reduction of glabellar lines","volume":"40","author":"Newman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-013-0178-1","article-title":"Understanding the functional anatomy of the frontalis and glabellar complex for optimal aesthetic botulinum toxin type A therapy","volume":"37","author":"Lorenc","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjac157","article-title":"Safety, pharmacodynamic response, and treatment satisfaction with onabotulinumtoxinA 40, 60, and 80 U in subjects with moderate to severe dynamic glabellar lines","volume":"42","author":"Joseph","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14728","article-title":"OnabotulinumtoxinA from lines to facial reshaping: a new Italian consensus report","volume":"21","author":"Signorini","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.6.3.367","article-title":"Intramuscular electrical stimulation of facial muscles in humans and chimpanzees: Duchenne revisited and extended","volume":"6","author":"Waller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab329","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of liquid abobotulinumtoxinA formulation for moderate-to-severe glabellar lines: a phase III, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled and open-label study","volume":"42","author":"Kestemont","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14133","article-title":"Respecting upper facial anatomy for treating the glabella with neuromodulators to avoid medial brow ptosis\u2014a refined 3-point injection technique","volume":"20","author":"Cotofana","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11100560","article-title":"Ultrasonographic and three-dimensional analyses at the glabella and radix of the nose for botulinum neurotoxin injection procedures into the procerus muscle","volume":"11","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22143","article-title":"Venous architecture of the glabellar to the forehead region","volume":"26","author":"Shimizu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjz174","article-title":"Botulinum toxin to treat horizontal forehead lines: a refined injection pattern accommodating the lower frontalis","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023061402292647300_sjad046-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1097\/scs.0000000000000649","article-title":"Description of a novel anatomic venous structure in the nasoglabellar area","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Surgery Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asj\/sjad046\/50222979\/sjad046.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article-pdf\/43\/7\/760\/50576157\/sjad046.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article-pdf\/43\/7\/760\/50576157\/sjad046.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T02:29:39Z","timestamp":1686709779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article\/43\/7\/760\/7069833"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjad046","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-820X","1527-330X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-820X","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-330X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]]}}}