{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T04:05:31Z","timestamp":1785470731236,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Iran University Eye Research Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lower eyelid fat flap repositioning during transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty (TCLB) is a widely accepted technique for preventing postoperative tear trough deformity. Its drawbacks include retraction, limited volume, transcutaneous fixation, and a complex insertion technique. The minced lower eyelid fat graft was introduced to overcome these drawbacks.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of preperiosteal pedicle fat flaps with minced free fat graft in TCLB.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants who underwent the pedicle fat flap procedure from April 2019 to April 2020 (Group A) and the minced free fat graft from May 2020 to May 2021 (Group B) with at least 6 months of follow-up were included. Subjective (pain, infraorbital numbness) and objective (chemosis, residual skin wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, tear trough deformity, bumps) postoperative outcomes, satisfaction (visual analogue scale score) at the last follow-up, and reoperation rates were compared.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were 142 participants (94% females) with a mean age of 48.4 years (range: 21-71) and a follow-up of 8.2 months (range: 6-36). There were 73 participants in Group A and 69 in Group B, with no significant differences in age (P = .6), sex (P = .7), or follow-up (P = .3). In addition to TCLB, Groups A and B had simultaneous upper eyelid and eyebrow procedures (53% vs 49%, P = .2), lateral canthal plication (77% vs 83%, P = .4), and pinch skin excision (82% vs 88%, P = .3). Groups A and B did not have significant differences in postoperative numbness (6.8% vs 1.4%, P = .2), chemosis (11% vs 10%, P = 1), skin wrinkles (12.3% vs 8.7%, P = .6), hyperpigmentation (1.4% in both groups), bumps (2.7% vs 7.2%, P = .3), tear trough deformity (0.0% in both groups), satisfaction score (97.7% vs 98.1%, P = .4), or reoperation rate (12.3% vs 5.8%, P = .2).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The desired aim of fat redistribution in TCLB seems to be equally achievable with minced fat graft and pedicle fat flap techniques.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 4<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjad232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T21:18:46Z","timestamp":1689715126000},"page":"12-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Minced Free Fat Graft Versus Pedicle Fat Flap to Efface Orbital Rim Hollow in Lower Blepharoplasty"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Nasser","family":"Karimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0347-5549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen Bahmani","family":"Kashkouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shayesteh","family":"Enayatollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Ghahvehchian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parya","family":"Abdolalizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000185623.36795.38","article-title":"The three periorbital hollows: a paradigm for periorbital rejuvenation","volume":"116","author":"Goldberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2017.04.001","article-title":"Periorbital facial rejuvenation; applied anatomy and pre-operative assessment","volume":"29","author":"Kashkouli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200209010-00025","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the ligamentous attachments of the lower lid and lateral canthus","volume":"110","author":"Muzaffar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17042","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35425-0","article-title":"Three-dimensional structure of the orbicularis retaining ligament: an anatomical study using micro-computed tomography","volume":"8","author":"Kwon HJ","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)31230-X","article-title":"Naso-jugal groove leveling with fat tissue","volume":"20","author":"Loeb","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000008756","article-title":"Unravelling the complex anatomy of the tear trough and lower eyelid folds: a review of cadaveric studies in the literature","volume":"33","author":"Ting","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)30402-8","article-title":"Fat pad sliding and fat grafting for leveling lid depressions","volume":"8","author":"Loeb","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199508000-00014","article-title":"Arcus marginalis release and orbital fat preservation in midface rejuvenation","volume":"96","author":"Hamra","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000849","article-title":"Current trends in upper and lower eyelid blepharoplasty among American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery members","volume":"34","author":"Kossler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-022-03183-0","article-title":"Surgical correction of tear trough deformity (TTD) with orbicularis retaining ligament release and volume augmentation for periorbital rejuvenation: review of the literature","volume":"47","author":"Atiyeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1076\/orbi.21.2.105.7185","article-title":"The fat pearl graft in ophthalmic plastic surgery: everyone wants to be a donor!","volume":"21","author":"Seiff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199810000-00063","article-title":"Lower eyelid volume augmentation with fat pearl grafting","volume":"102","author":"Choo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2019.11.016","article-title":"Infraorbital groove correction by microfat injection after lower blepharoplasty","volume":"73","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2018.1307","article-title":"Effectiveness of transconjunctival fat removal and resected fat grafting for lower eye bag and tear trough deformity","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003398","article-title":"The six-step lower blepharoplasty: using fractionated fat to enhance blending of the lid-cheek junction","volume":"139","author":"Rohrich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31829fe1b0","article-title":"Nanofat grafting: basic research and clinical applications","volume":"132","author":"Tonnard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003561","article-title":"Extended transconjunctival lower eyelid blepharoplasty with release of the tear trough ligament and fat redistribution","volume":"140","author":"Wong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003356","article-title":"Micro free orbital fat grafts to the tear trough deformity during lower blepharoplasty","volume":"139","author":"Miranda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3932615","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3932615","article-title":"Comparative analysis of human adipose\u2013derived mesenchymal stem cells from orbital and abdominal fat","volume":"2018","author":"Nepali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e31828ecfb9","article-title":"Transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty: a 2-sided assessment of results and subjects\u2019 satisfaction","volume":"29","author":"Kashkouli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.18502\/jovr.v15i2.6740","article-title":"Techniques of eyebrow lifting: a narrative review","volume":"15","author":"Karimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1080\/08820538.2022.2053727","article-title":"Prevalence of masked versus unmasked blepharoptosis in subjects seeking for blepharoplasty and or eyebrow lift","volume":"37","author":"Abdolalizadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjz005","article-title":"Three simple steps for refining transcutaneous lower blepharoplasty for aging eyelids: the indispensability of micro-autologous fat transplantation","volume":"39","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP717","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab070","article-title":"Comparison of fat repositioning versus onlay segmental fat grafting in lower blepharoplasty","volume":"41","author":"Hed\u00e9n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003396","article-title":"Discussion: micro free orbital fat grafts to the tear trough deformity during lower blepharoplasty","volume":"139","author":"Goldberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31824a2b19","article-title":"The fate of adipocytes after nonvascularized fat grafting: evidence of early death and replacement of adipocytes","volume":"129","author":"Eto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B27","first-page":"66","article-title":"Fet transplantation","volume":"22","author":"Neuber","year":"1893","journal-title":"Verh Dtsch Ges Chir"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199607000-00014","article-title":"Fat cylinder transplantation: an experimental comparative study of three different kinds of fat transplants","volume":"98","author":"Fagrell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.20-0081","article-title":"Ex vivo-expanded autologous adipose tissue-derived stromal cells ensure enhanced fat graft retention in breast augmentation: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"K\u00f8lle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31817d5476","article-title":"Sources of processed lipoaspirate cells: influence of donor site on cell concentration","volume":"122","author":"Padoin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjz345","article-title":"Observations on the tear trough","volume":"40","author":"Ramesh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023121507203766300_sjad232-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000007978","article-title":"Effects of fat repositioning for tear trough deformity on eye movement","volume":"33","author":"Kokubo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Surgery Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asj\/sjad232\/51056355\/sjad232.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article-pdf\/44\/1\/12\/54294785\/sjad232.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article-pdf\/44\/1\/12\/54294785\/sjad232.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T08:48:43Z","timestamp":1702630123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article\/44\/1\/12\/7226162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjad232","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-820X","1527-330X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-820X","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-330X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]}}}