{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:24:40Z","timestamp":1791897880861,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite the significant roles it plays in the functions of the platysma and lower lip, the cervical branch of the facial nerve is often overlooked compared to other branches, but its consideration is critical for ensuring the safety of neck surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to clarify the anatomical discrepancies associated with the cervical branch of the facial nerve to enhance surgical safety.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study utilized 20 fresh-frozen hemiheads. A 2-stage surgical procedure was employed, beginning with an initial deep-plane facelift including extensive neck dissection, followed by a superficial parotidectomy on fresh-frozen cadavers. This approach allowed for a thorough exploration and mapping of the cervical nerve in relation to its surrounding anatomical structures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Upon exiting the parotid gland, the cervical nerve consistently traveled beneath the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia for a brief distance, traversing the deep fascia to travel within the areolar connective tissue before terminating anteriorly in the platysma muscle. A single branch was observed in 2 cases, while 2 branches were noted in 18 cases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The cervical nerve's relatively deeper position below the mandible's angle facilitates a safer subplatysmal dissection via a lateral approach for the release of the cervical retaining ligaments. Due to the absence of a protective barrier, the nerve is more susceptible to injuries from direct trauma or thermal damage caused by electrocautery, especially during median approaches.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjae111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T16:13:30Z","timestamp":1715789610000},"page":"NP532-NP539","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Anatomical Insights on the Cervical Nerve for Contemporary Face and Neck Lifting: A Cadaveric Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Ozcan","family":"Cakmak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuat","family":"Buyuklu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerem Sami","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seda T\u00fcrkoglu","family":"Babakurban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6869-9861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Bogari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sel\u00e7uk","family":"Tunal\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197903000-00012","article-title":"Pseudo-paralysis of the mandibular branch of the facial nerve after platysmal face-lift operation","volume":"63","author":"Ellenbogen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2008.05.011","article-title":"Safely navigating around the facial nerve in three dimensions","volume":"35","author":"Owsley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000061004.74788.33","article-title":"Incidence of cervical branch injury with \u201cmarginal mandibular nerve pseudo-paralysis\u201d in patients undergoing face lift","volume":"111","author":"Daane","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2002.29810","article-title":"Surgical and nonsurgical treatment options in patients with movement disorders of the platysma","volume":"60","author":"Laskawi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000712","article-title":"Neck lift my way: an update","volume":"134","author":"Feldman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab056","article-title":"Optimizing outcomes in neck lift surgery","volume":"41","author":"O\u2019Daniel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjw107","article-title":"Subplatysmal necklift: a retrospective analysis of 504 patients","volume":"37","author":"Auersvald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"20","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","article-title":"World medical association declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"310","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1984.00800330030006","article-title":"Functional and aesthetic consequences of total platysma resection","volume":"110","author":"Sachs","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197912000-00005","article-title":"Avoiding facial nerve injuries in rhytidectomy. Anatomical variations and pitfalls","volume":"64","author":"Baker","year":"1979","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjad148","article-title":"The functional anatomy and innervation of the platysma is segmental: implications for lower lip dysfunction, recurrent platysmal bands, and surgical rejuvenation","volume":"43","author":"Minelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181bceea5","article-title":"Anatomical dissection and modified Sihler stain of the lower branches of the facial nerve","volume":"124","author":"Salinas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-196203000-00005","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the mandibular ramus of the facial nerve based on the dissection of 100 facial halves","volume":"29","author":"Dingman","year":"1962","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Transplant Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/000348946707600103","article-title":"The development of the facial nerve in man","volume":"76","author":"Gasser","year":"1967","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-022-02996-3","article-title":"The surgical anatomy of the Jowl and the Mandibular ligament reassessed","volume":"47","author":"Minelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.337","article-title":"Lower facial nerve Nomenclature clarification: cervical branch controls smile-associated lower lip depression and dental display","volume":"169","author":"Kaufman-Goldberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2018.04.006","article-title":"Familial lower lip facial paralysis with asymmetric smile: selective neurectomy of the cervical branch","volume":"109","author":"Klosterman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005590","article-title":"Modified selective neurectomy for the treatment of post-facial paralysis synkinesis","volume":"143","author":"Azizzadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy150","article-title":"Cervical branch of facial nerve: an explanation for recurrent platysma bands following necklift and platysmaplasty","volume":"39","author":"Sinno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-117x(81)90002-0","article-title":"The surgical anatomy of the cervical distribution of the facial nerve","volume":"19","author":"Ziarah","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Oral Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SAP.0000063755.42122.5F","article-title":"Facial nerve in rhytidoplasty: anatomic study of its trajectory in the overlying skin and the most common sites of injury","volume":"51","author":"Zani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006148","article-title":"Surgical denervation of platysma bands: a novel technique in rhytidectomy","volume":"144","author":"Tr\u00e9vidic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000010369","article-title":"Cervical line in face-lift surgery: a three-dimensional study of the cervical and marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerve","volume":"152","author":"Lindsey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP93","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab207","article-title":"Defining a safe corridor of cervical branch preservation in lateral platysmaplasty surgery during facial rejuvenation surgery","volume":"42","author":"Malins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2008.04.003","article-title":"Pushing the clock back 15 to 20 years with facial rejuvenation","volume":"35","author":"Connell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002604","article-title":"Complete platysma transection in neck rejuvenation: a critical appraisal","volume":"138","author":"Pelle-Ceravolo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.06.005","article-title":"Short scar neck lift: using a submental incision only","volume":"45","author":"Marten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.20517\/2347-9264.2020.192","article-title":"A layered approach to neck lift","volume":"8","author":"Weinstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plast Aesthet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.12.002","article-title":"Neck contouring and rejuvenation in male patients through dual-plane reduction neck lift","volume":"49","author":"Bravo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-197912000-00007","article-title":"Platysma muscle in rhytidoplasty","volume":"3","author":"Aston","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002894","article-title":"Platysma bands: is a change needed in the surgical paradigm?","volume":"139","author":"Tr\u00e9vidic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B32","first-page":"12","article-title":"Platysma motor branch transfer in brachial plexus repair: report of the first case","volume":"2","author":"Bertelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006401","article-title":"Facial nerve danger zones","volume":"145","author":"Stuzin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001244","article-title":"Anatomical considerations to prevent facial nerve injury","volume":"135","author":"Roostaeian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181f95d66","article-title":"Modified deep plane rhytidectomy with a lateral approach to the neck: an alternative to submental incision and dissection","volume":"127","author":"Mustoe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjw274","article-title":"Characterization of the cervical retaining ligaments during subplatysmal facelift dissection and its implications","volume":"37","author":"Jacono","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2008.04.002","article-title":"High SMAS facelift: combined single flap lifting of the jawline, cheek, and midface","volume":"35","author":"Marten","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)30969-X","article-title":"Extended SMAS dissection as an approach to midface rejuvenation","volume":"22","author":"Stuzin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31824a2d8c","article-title":"The platysma window: an anatomically safe, efficient, and easily reproducible approach to neck contour in the face lift","volume":"129","author":"Cruz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024071512080168300_sjae111-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjad079","article-title":"Deep neck contouring with a focus on submandibular gland vascularity: a cadaver study","volume":"43","author":"Cakmak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Surgery Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asj\/sjae111\/58167040\/sjae111.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article-pdf\/44\/8\/NP532\/58545025\/sjae111.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article-pdf\/44\/8\/NP532\/58545025\/sjae111.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T12:12:05Z","timestamp":1721045525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article\/44\/8\/NP532\/7674176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjae111","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-820X","1527-330X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-820X","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-330X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]}}}