{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T07:01:50Z","timestamp":1779174110627,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]],"date-time":"2024-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recent studies on postoperative measurements for upper blepharoplasty utilized static photographs, which fail to accurately reflect the postsurgical dynamic naturalness of the eyelids.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this study we aimed to analyze dynamic naturalness after double-eyelid blepharoplasty with a simple smartphone method involving slow-motion videos.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this prospective observational study we enrolled patients who underwent double-eyelid blepharoplasty with the flexible suspension technique (FST) and rigid fixation technique (RFT), and individuals with congenital double eyelids. Demographic information was collected, and ultra-slow-motion videos of the eye-opening processes were recorded with a smartphone. Four keyframes were selected from each video, from which several parameters were measured. A third party evaluated the degree of naturalness of the photographs and eye-opening videos.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sixty females (20 per group) were enrolled. The fold-emerging delay (FED) score showed a linear correlation with the mean third-party dynamic naturalness rating (DNR) (R2 = 0.71, P &amp;lt; .0001). The puffy score showed a linear correlation with the mean third-party static naturalness rating (SNR) (R2 = 0.53, P &amp;lt; .0001). For the congenital, FST, and RFT groups, respectively, the FED scores were 62.9 \u00b1 18.9, 52.2 \u00b1 17.7, and 26.3 \u00b1 18.3 (all P &amp;lt; .05); the puffy scores were 49.8 \u00b1 11.9, 55.9 \u00b1 11.0, and 62.6 \u00b1 12.4 (congenital vs FST, P = .055; others P &amp;lt; .05); the mean third-party DNRs were 3.21 \u00b1 0.67, 2.47 \u00b1 0.62, and 1.78 \u00b1 0.74 (all P &amp;lt; .0001); and the mean third-party SNRs were 3.01 \u00b1 0.78, 2.61 \u00b1 0.55, and 2.14 \u00b1 0.69 (all P &amp;lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The 2 new indices obtained from the analysis of smartphone-captured ultra-slow-motion videos are good indicators of the dynamic naturalness of double eyelids created with upper blepharoplasty.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 4 (Therapeutic)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjae223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]],"date-time":"2024-11-02T13:37:42Z","timestamp":1730554662000},"page":"241-248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Smartphone Evaluation of Dynamic and Static Naturalness After Double-Eyelid Blepharoplasty"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4948-6780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ce","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6522-269X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinhao","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hangyan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sufan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021817450294800_sjae223-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2022.07.006","article-title":"Asian upper blepharoplasty: a comprehensive approach","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"2025021817450294800_sjae223-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X10374094","article-title":"Mini-incision double eyelidplasty","volume":"30","author":"Ma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2025021817450294800_sjae223-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-019-01317-5","article-title":"A flexible suspension technique of blepharoplasty: clinical application and comparison with traditional technique","volume":"43","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"key":"2025021817450294800_sjae223-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP648","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaa195","article-title":"Tarsal-fixation with aponeurotic flap linkage in blepharoplasty: bridge 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