{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:29:24Z","timestamp":1789514964403,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Higher grades of gynecomastia with marked skin excess, an enlarged nipple-areola complex (NAC), and a feminine chest shape pose certain unique challenges. To achieve outcomes similar to the those for lower grades, management of excess skin and an enlarged NAC is critical. Surgical removal of excess skin produces visible scars, and repositioning of the NAC with a free nipple graft leads to loss of sensation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of the study was to compare the skin tightening or \u201cchest lift\u201d and reduction in the NAC area achieved with a combination treatment of radiofrequency (RF) energy and power-assisted liposuction (PAL) to those treated with PAL alone in higher grades of gynecomastia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective comparative analysis of 118 patients with gynecomastia grades 2b and 3 (59 in each group) who underwent primary surgery was performed. Gynecomastia grades 1 and 2a, secondary surgery, and unilateral gynecomastia were exclusion criteria. Preoperative measurements included the SN-NAC (sternal notch to NAC) distance on each side, IND (internipple distance), and the area of each NAC. Postoperative measurements were repeated at 6 months and 1 year.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SN-NAC distance and IND decreased significantly in patients treated with combination of RF energy and PAL (P &amp;lt; .05). There was also a significant decrease in the NAC area with reduced secondary deformities of the skin and NAC in these patients (P &amp;lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The addition of RF energy to PAL achieves a quicker and more effective chest lift when compared to PAL alone, producing a more masculine chest. The skin tightening and reduction in the areas of NAC can obviate the need for secondary correctional procedures and their associated abnormal wound healing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaf074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T03:02:31Z","timestamp":1746673351000},"page":"799-806","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Use of Radiofrequency-assisted Liposuction (BodyTite) for \u201cChest Lift\u201d in Patients Undergoing Gynecomastia Correction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Jayanthy","family":"Ravindran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7611-3373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aneesh","family":"Suresh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025071503264787700_sjaf074-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2015.06.007","article-title":"A systematic review of literature on psychosocial aspects of gynecomastia in adolescents and young men","volume":"43","author":"Rew","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"2025071503264787700_sjaf074-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2015.08.004","article-title":"Gynecomastia and psychological functioning: a review of the 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