{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:08:33Z","timestamp":1791842913630,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Biostimulants, including calcium hydroxyapatite, poly-L-lactic acid, and polycaprolactone, have become popular in aesthetic medicine as they lead to long-term tissue rejuvenation. However, their efficacy (eg, dermal, volume, and anatomic outcomes), patient satisfaction, and safety remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis collates and appraises the available data on biostimulants, examining their efficacy, adverse events, and patient satisfaction. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed\/Medline (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD), Scopus (Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), Embase (Elsevier), and Web of Science (Clarivate, Philadelpha, PA), up to January 14, 2025. Studies were included that assessed the effects of biostimulants on efficacy, adverse events, and patient satisfaction in observational studies. Meta-analyses using random-effects models were performed on individual proportions and applied to 7 outcomes (satisfaction, bruising, ecchymosis, edema, erythema, nodule development, pain). A total of 197 articles were screened, and 25 studies were included in the systematic review. The results of meta-analyses indicate that the pooled satisfaction rate of biostimulants was estimated to be 91% (95% CI, 67%-98%; I2 = 87.3%), with the following adverse event rates: bruising, 27% (95% CI, 12%-50%; I2 = 96%); ecchymosis, 22% (95% CI, 11%-40%; I2 = 95.5%); edema, 5% (95% CI, 1%-18%; I2 = 93.6%); erythema, 16% (95% CI, 4%-47%; I2 = 94.3%); nodule development, 5% (95% CI, 2%-10%; I2 = 85.5%); pain, 92% (95% CI, 63%-99%; I2 = 87.7%). Among studies not included in the meta-analysis, all parameters studied showed significant improvements in terms of dermal, volume, anatomic, and satisfaction outcomes. Biostimulants demonstrate clinical promise and a favorable tolerability profile in aesthetic medicine despite the common occurrence of minor adverse events, most notably pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Level of Evidence: 3<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p\/>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaf142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T10:03:54Z","timestamp":1752746634000},"page":"1278-1284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Biostimulants in Aesthetic Medicine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Efficacy, Safety, and Patient Satisfaction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5340-9833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4792-027X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoud","family":"Rahmati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damiano","family":"Pizzol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9897-5273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo Felipe","family":"L\u00f3pez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1229-6622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3249-2030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Fond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bach Xuan","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Gawronska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1628-9948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Keon","family":"Yon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshan","family":"Ravindran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B1","author":"Yousef"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3175","article-title":"Deconstructing the skin: cytoarchitectural determinants of epidermal morphogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Simpson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.05.021","article-title":"Basic histological structure and functions of facial skin","volume":"32","author":"Arda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6135","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116135","article-title":"Age-related changes in the fibroblastic differon of the dermis: role in skin aging","volume":"23","author":"Zorina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15253","article-title":"Gerontodermatology: the fragility of the epidermis in older adults","volume":"32 Suppl 4","author":"Katoh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3829","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45050247","article-title":"Dermal fibroblasts as the main target for skin anti-age correction using a combination of regenerative medicine methods","volume":"45","author":"Zorina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-024-04627-5","article-title":"A systematic review on the effectiveness and safety of combining biostimulators with botulinum toxin, dermal fillers, and energy-based devices","volume":"49","author":"Tam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.2357","article-title":"Self-reported patient motivations for seeking cosmetic procedures","volume":"154","author":"Maisel","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16496","article-title":"Unlocking the psycho-social-dermal axis: a double blinded randomized placebo controlled study unveiling the influence of a novel topical formulation on skin quality, attractiveness, quality of life, and sexual satisfaction","volume":"23","author":"Fabi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics7030059","article-title":"The impact of routine skin care on the quality of life","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.02.069","article-title":"The emerging role of biostimulators as an adjunct in facial rejuvenation: a systematic review","volume":"92","author":"Fisher","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16229","article-title":"Evaluation of the biostimulatory effects and the level of neocollagenesis of dermal fillers: a review","volume":"61","author":"Haddad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.4236\/jcdsa.2019.92008","article-title":"The abuse of dermal fillers: a clinico-epidemiological study of 35 cases","volume":"9","author":"Al Hamzawi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatological Sci Appl"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3851","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003851","article-title":"Complications of nonpermanent facial fillers: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Oranges","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/s0733-8635(05)70290-4","article-title":"Skin filling: collagen and other injectables of the skin","volume":"19","author":"Klein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12128","article-title":"A decade of experience with injectable poly-L-lactic acid: a focus on safety","volume":"39","author":"Bartus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"b2700","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"339","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) group","volume":"283","author":"Stroup","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B19","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses","volume":"2","author":"Peterson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ottawa Ottawa Hosp Res Inst"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.13105\/wjma.v5.i4.80","article-title":"Assessing the quality of studies in meta-analyses: advantages and limitations of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale","volume":"5","author":"Luchini","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Meta Anal"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.5848","article-title":"Global proportion of disordered eating in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"177","author":"L\u00f3pez-Gil","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0317452","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0317452","article-title":"Vision impairment and associated daily activity limitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Rahmati","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.4103\/jovr.jovr_201_16","article-title":"Orbital volume augmentation with calcium hydroxyapatite filler in anophthalmic enophthalmos","volume":"12","author":"Aletaha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaa218","article-title":"Enhancing the lateral orbital \u201cC-angle\u201d with calcium hydroxylapatite: an anatomic and clinical study","volume":"41","author":"Alghoul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2012.02476.x","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of combining poly-L-lactic acid with intense pulsed light in facial rejuvenation: a retrospective study of 90 patients","volume":"38","author":"Fabi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3202","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16436","article-title":"Long-term duration and safety of Radiesse (+) for the treatment of jawline","volume":"23","author":"Green","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2009.01262.x","article-title":"A retrospective review of calcium hydroxylapatite for correction of volume loss in the infraorbital region","volume":"35","author":"Hevia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001268","article-title":"Pilot study examining the safety and efficacy of calcium hydroxylapatite filler with integral lidocaine over a 12-month period to correct temporal fossa volume loss","volume":"44","author":"Juh\u00e1sz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001528","article-title":"Examining the efficacy of calcium hydroxylapatite filler with integral lidocaine in correcting volume loss of the jawline\u2014a pilot study","volume":"44","author":"Juh\u00e1sz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.07.027","article-title":"Treatment of HIV lipoatrophy and lipoatrophy of aging with poly-L-lactic acid: a prospective 3-year follow-up study","volume":"59","author":"Levy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13518","article-title":"Polycaprolactone-based dermal filler complications: a retrospective study of 1111 treatments","volume":"19","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e124","DOI":"10.1097\/JW9.0000000000000124","article-title":"Global facial rejuvenation with one treatment of incobotulinumtoxinA, hyaluronic acid, and calcium hydroxyapatite results in long-term patient-reported satisfaction","volume":"9","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4381","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13154381","article-title":"Guided SEFFI and CaHA: a retrospective observational study of an innovative protocol for regenerative aesthetics","volume":"13","author":"Melfa","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2009.01419.x","article-title":"Cosmetic use of poly-l-lactic acid: a retrospective study of 130 patients","volume":"36","author":"Palm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3206","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-024-04071-5","article-title":"An innovative treatment using calcium hydroxyapatite for non-surgical facial rejuvenation: the vectorial-lift technique","volume":"48","author":"Amaral","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X10391213","article-title":"Nonsurgical rejuvenation of the aging face with injectable poly-L-lactic acid for restoration of soft tissue volume","volume":"31","author":"Schierle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15706","article-title":"Facial rejuvenation with the new hybrid filler HArmonyCaTM: clinical and aesthetic outcomes assessed by 2D and 3D photographs, ultrasound, and elastography","volume":"22","author":"Urdiales-G\u00e1lvez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3918","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16560","article-title":"Safety of the immediate reconstitution of poly-l-lactic acid for facial and body treatment\u2014a multicenter retrospective study","volume":"23","author":"Vasconcelos-Berg","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14183","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14183","article-title":"Long lasting facial rejuvenation by repeated placement of calcium hydroxylapatite in elderly women","volume":"33","author":"Wollina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16583","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16583","article-title":"Combined forehead and temporal lifting: an innovative approach to lanluma V treatment","volume":"24","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S385202","article-title":"Objective assessment of the long-term volumizing action of a polycaprolactone-based filler","volume":"15","author":"Angelo-Khattar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12335","article-title":"Restoring jawline contour with calcium hydroxylapatite: a prospective, observational study","volume":"16","author":"Baspeyras","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13597","article-title":"Safety in immediate reconstitution of poly-l-lactic acid for facial biostimulation treatment","volume":"20","author":"Bravo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.36849\/JDD.2022.6333","article-title":"Improvement of facial skin laxity by a combined technique with hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite fillers: a clinical and ultrasonography analysis","volume":"21","author":"Felix Bravo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5055","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000005055","article-title":"Dermal thickness increase and aesthetic improvement with hybrid product combining hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxyapatite: a clinical and sonographic analysis","volume":"11","author":"Bravo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16723","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16723","article-title":"Exploring the safety and satisfaction of patients injected with collagen biostimulators\u2014a prospective investigation into injectable poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA)","volume":"24","author":"Bravo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14461","article-title":"Cephalometric analysis following combined sub-SMAS hyaluronic acid injection and subdermal and supraperiosteal poly-L-lactic acid injections in Asian women","volume":"21","author":"Chuang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195934","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1195934","article-title":"Skin regeneration-related mechanisms of Calcium Hydroxylapatite (CaHA): a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Amiri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B49","first-page":"s29","article-title":"Composition and mechanism of action of poly-L-lactic acid in soft tissue augmentation","volume":"13","author":"Vleggaar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2004.04.008","article-title":"Complications of botulinum toxin A use in facial rejuvenation","volume":"11","author":"Vartanian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjad173","article-title":"The role of calcium hydroxylapatite (Radiesse) as a regenerative aesthetic treatment: a narrative review","volume":"43","author":"Aguilera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15928","article-title":"Biostimulating fillers and induction of inflammatory pathways: a preclinical investigation of macrophage response to calcium hydroxylapatite and poly-L lactic acid","volume":"23","author":"Nowag","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2025111618522457100_sjaf142-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S229054","article-title":"Polycaprolactone: how a well-known and futuristic polymer has become an innovative collagen-stimulator in esthetics","volume":"13","author":"Christen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Surgery Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asj\/sjaf142\/63790701\/sjaf142.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article-pdf\/45\/12\/1278\/63790701\/sjaf142.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article-pdf\/45\/12\/1278\/63790701\/sjaf142.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]],"date-time":"2025-11-16T23:52:30Z","timestamp":1763337150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article\/45\/12\/1278\/8205666"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjaf142","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-820X","1527-330X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-820X","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-330X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]}}}