{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:13:39Z","timestamp":1787008419908,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Within the past decade, nontobacco nicotine dependence (NTND) has become more prevalent. However, the impact of nontobacco nicotine products on breast surgery remains less explored. Despite limited evidence, plastic surgeons routinely advise nicotine cessation regardless of source, which underscores the need to define the specific risks associated with NTND.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors of the present study sought to assess the effect of preoperative NTND on postoperative complications and revisions in patients who underwent reduction mammaplasty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Research Network on TriNetX, a federated global database, was queried. Patients with a history of breast cancer or tobacco product usage were excluded. Two cohorts were formed: patients diagnosed with preoperative NTND (n = 1432) and those without any documented history of nicotine dependence (n = 44,149). A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed for demographics and comorbidities. Primary outcomes evaluated postoperative complications at 30 and 90 days. Secondary analysis assessed breast deformity and surgical revision at 2 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following 1:1 matching, 1424 patients remained in both cohorts. At 30 days after surgery, the NTND cohort had a significantly elevated risk for surgical site infection, hematoma, acute postoperative pain, and any surgical site complications (P &amp;lt; .05). Within 90 days post-op, patients with NTND continued to have significantly elevated risks for these complications (P &amp;lt; .05). However, no significant differences were observed for postoperative breast deformity and revision at 2 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although preoperative nontobacco nicotine use is not linked to increased rates of long-term deformity and revision rates, it is associated with significantly higher risks of early postoperative complications following reduction mammaplasty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p\/>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaf151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T11:42:09Z","timestamp":1753443729000},"page":"31-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Nontobacco Nicotine Dependence Is Associated With Increased Early Postoperative Complications Following Reduction Mammaplasty"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8278-1259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew Q","family":"Dao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernice Z","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7303-6036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parul","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmin","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjun","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7201-1759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Suydam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J","family":"Taub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121611012535600_sjaf151-B1","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2025121611012535600_sjaf151-B2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Current electronic cigarette use among adults aged 18 and over: United States, 2021","volume":"475","author":"Kramarow","year":"2023","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"2025121611012535600_sjaf151-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2011-050281","article-title":"Non-cigarette tobacco products: what have we learned and where are we headed?","volume":"21","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"2025121611012535600_sjaf151-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5851.151771","article-title":"Harmful effects of nicotine","volume":"36","author":"Mishra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol"},{"key":"2025121611012535600_sjaf151-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/08958378.2024.2319315","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of active and passive smoking of tobacco cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems and tobacco heating products on the expression and secretion of oxidative stress and inflammatory response markers. 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