{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:48:21Z","timestamp":1791229701167,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hypertrophic scars and keloids are fibroproliferative disorders arising from aberrant wound healing, often leading to aesthetic disfigurement, functional impairment, and psychosocial burden. Intralesional therapies remain a mainstay of treatment, yet the comparative efficacy and recurrence profiles of different agents have not been definitively established. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD), Cochrane Library (Wiley, Hoboken, NJ), US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register, EMBASE (Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), and Google Scholar (Alphabet, Inc., Mountain View, CA) from inception through May 2025, restricted to English-language publications, to identify randomized controlled trials comparing 2 or more intralesional treatments for hypertrophic scars or keloids. Twenty-four eligible trials were included in a frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis integrating direct and indirect comparisons. Pooled estimates demonstrated that triamcinolone acetonide combined with 5-fluorouracil (TAC + 5-FU) achieved the most consistent improvements in treatment efficacy and recurrence control. Botulinum toxin A (BTA) ranked highest in treatment response but did not significantly reduce recurrence risk. Verapamil was associated with significantly lower efficacy compared with TAC, whereas bleomycin and 5-FU monotherapies provided intermediate outcomes without statistical superiority. Overall, TAC + 5-FU offered the most favorable balance between efficacy and recurrence reduction, whereas BTA showed strong response efficacy. These findings provide a comprehensive synthesis of intralesional therapies for hypertrophic scars and keloids, support the consideration of combination regimens in scar management, and underscore the need for further well-designed head-to-head trials with standardized endpoints to refine individualized treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p\/>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaf182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T11:56:25Z","timestamp":1757505385000},"page":"202-212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparative Efficacy and Recurrence Risk of Intralesional Therapies for Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids: A Network Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8335-1617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I Chang","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4181-9479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guan-Lun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7260-6866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuan-Chun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0264-2536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po-Yuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603187","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.603187","article-title":"The roles of inflammation in keloid and hypertrophic scars","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14865","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.14865","article-title":"The effects of systemic diseases, genetic disorders and lifestyle on keloids","volume":"21","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8876","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25168776","article-title":"Comprehensive insights into keloid pathogenesis and advanced therapeutic strategies","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12432","article-title":"Current concepts related to hypertrophic scarring in burn injuries","volume":"24","author":"Chiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79e","DOI":"10.1097\/prs.0000000000008667","article-title":"The most current algorithms for the treatment and prevention of hypertrophic scars and keloids: a 2020 update of the algorithms published 10 years ago","volume":"149","author":"Ogawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2498","article-title":"Burden of keloid disease: a cross-sectional health-related quality of life assessment","volume":"97","author":"Bijlard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2016.00071","article-title":"The efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide in keloid treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14900","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14900","article-title":"Botulinum toxin and platelet rich plasma as innovative therapeutic modalities for keloids","volume":"34","author":"Neinaa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S52","DOI":"10.1097\/sap.0000000000003759","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of drug interventions for keloids: a network meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-022-00744-6","article-title":"Hypertrophic scars and keloids: advances in treatment and review of established therapies","volume":"24","author":"Frech","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.23736\/s2784-8671.24.07848-4","article-title":"Keloid management: a review of treatment modalities","volume":"160","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ital J Dermatol Venerol"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14069","article-title":"A comparative study of various modalities in the treatment of keloids","volume":"57","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-016-1583-7","article-title":"Network meta-analysis: an introduction for clinicians","volume":"12","author":"Rouse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/m14-2385","article-title":"The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations","volume":"162","author":"Hutton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Lai","DOI":"10.37766\/inplasy2025.7.0010"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Ed000142","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.Ed000142","article-title":"Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","volume":"10","author":"Cumpston","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1411","article-title":"Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): an R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments","volume":"12","author":"McGuinness","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2019013","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2019013","article-title":"Network meta-analysis: application and practice using R software","volume":"41","author":"Shim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0165889","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165889","article-title":"The impact of excluding trials from network meta-analyses\u2014an empirical study","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1373","article-title":"MetaInsight: an interactive web-based tool for analyzing, interrogating, and visualizing network meta-analyses using R-shiny and netmeta","volume":"10","author":"Owen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.9.1149","article-title":"Treatment response of keloidal and hypertrophic sternotomy scars: comparison among intralesional corticosteroid, 5-fluorouracil, and 585-nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed-dye laser treatments","volume":"138","author":"Manuskiatti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2006.32195.x","article-title":"New combination of triamcinolone, 5-fluorouracil, and pulsed-dye laser for treatment of keloid and hypertrophic scars","volume":"32","author":"Asilian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2007.02631.x","article-title":"Intralesional triamcinolone alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of keloid and hypertrophic scars","volume":"34","author":"Darougheh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-5009.96466","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of intralesional 5-fluorouracil versus triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of keloids","volume":"39","author":"Prabhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sci Soc"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02137.x","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide and 5-fluorouracil tattooing for the treatment of keloids","volume":"38","author":"Sadeghinia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-011-0399-y","article-title":"A comparative clinical study on role of 5-flurouracil versus triamcinolone in the treatment of keloids","volume":"74","author":"Saha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Surg"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12132","article-title":"The treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars with intralesional bleomycin in skin of color","volume":"14","author":"Payapvipapong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B29","first-page":"285","article-title":"Comparison of combined intralesional triamcinolone and 5-fluorouracil versus bleomycin in keloids","volume":"2","author":"Rao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Adv Health Sci"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B30","first-page":"578","article-title":"Comparison between the efficacy of intra-lesional triamcenolone and combination of triamcinolone with 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of keloid and hypertrophic scars","volume":"10","author":"Ali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pak J Med Health Sci"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2018.05.005","article-title":"Comparison of intralesional verapamil versus intralesional corticosteroids in treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"Abedini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B32","first-page":"114","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy of intralesional 5-fluorouracil plus triamcinolone acetonide versus intralesional triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of keloids","volume":"27","author":"Saleem","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pak Assoc Dermatol"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2019.1628171","article-title":"Comparison of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide, botulinum toxin type A, and their combination for the treatment of keloid lesions","volume":"31","author":"Gamil","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dermatol Treat"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2018.05.052","article-title":"Treatment of keloid scars with intralesional triamcinolone and 5-fluorouracil injections\u2014a randomized controlled trial","volume":"72","author":"Hietanen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2018.08.011","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy and safety of intralesional triamcinolone and combination of triamcinolone with 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars: randomised control trial","volume":"45","author":"Khalid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B36","first-page":"62","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy of intralesional 5-fluorouracil plus triamcinolone versus triamcinolone alone in the treatment of keloids","volume":"33","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Forum Mon"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13036","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13036","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of intralesional bleomycin versus intralesional triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of keloids","volume":"32","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B38","first-page":"549","article-title":"Comparison of 5 fluorouracil and triamcinolone acetonide intralesional injection in the management of keloid","volume":"45","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rawal Med J"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-020-02132-8","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A versus 5-fluorouracil in treatment of keloid","volume":"313","author":"Ismail","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B40","first-page":"282","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy of intralesional 5-fluorouracil alone, intralesional triamcinolone acetonide alone and intralesional triamcinolone acetonide with 5-fluorouracil in management of keloids","volume":"30","author":"Manzoor","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pak Assoc Dermatol"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B41","first-page":"58","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy of intralesional 5-flourouracil plus triamcinolone acetonide verses intralesional triamcinolone acetonide alone in the treatment of keloids","volume":"31","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pak Assoc Dermatol"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_485_19","article-title":"A comparative study of the efficacy of intralesional 5 fluorouracil vs combination of 5 fluorouracil with triamcinolone acetonide in keloids","volume":"67","author":"Monteiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B43","first-page":"31","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy and safety of intralesional verapamil hydrochloride and intralesional triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of keloids","volume":"34","author":"Adil","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pak Assoc Dermatol"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab024","article-title":"Botulinum toxin to improve lower blepharoplasty scar: a double-blinded, randomized, vehicle-controlled clinical trial","volume":"41","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjad044","article-title":"Microtoxin for improving pore size, skin laxity, sebum control, and scars: a roundtable on integrating intradermal Botulinum toxin type A microdoses into clinical practice","volume":"43","author":"Fabi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjx005","article-title":"New uses of abobotulinumtoxinA in aesthetics","volume":"37","author":"Schlessinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15159","article-title":"Keloids: a review of therapeutic management","volume":"60","author":"Ekstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-023-02192-7","article-title":"Keloid treatments: an evidence-based systematic review of recent advances","volume":"12","author":"Walsh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2106","article-title":"Intralesional 5-fluorouracil in keloid treatment: a systematic review","volume":"95","author":"Bijlard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B50","first-page":"5956","article-title":"Triamcinolone acetonide combined with 5-fluorouracil suppresses urethral scar fibroblasts autophagy and fibrosis by increasing miR-192-5p expression","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106289","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1106289","article-title":"Deciphering the single-cell transcriptome network in keloids with intra-lesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide combined with 5-fluorouracil","volume":"14","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01721-2","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intralesional triamcinolone versus combination of triamcinolone with 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12629","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of triamcinolone acetonide alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil for treating hypertrophic scars and keloids: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1080\/14764172.2021.1950765","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of verapamil and triamcinolone in keloid and hypertrophic scar treatment: a meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Kuang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cosmet Laser Ther"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1097\/dss.0000000000000819","article-title":"Keloids and hypertrophic scars: pathophysiology, classification, and treatment","volume":"43","author":"Berman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1097\/prs.0000000000010867","article-title":"Comparing combination triamcinolone acetonide and 5-fluorouracil with monotherapy triamcinolone acetonide or 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of hypertrophic scars: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"153","author":"Mavilakandy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700274","article-title":"Dexamethasone induction of keloid regression through effective suppression of VEGF expression and keloid fibroblast proliferation","volume":"126","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2026012908470486100_sjaf182-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5612","DOI":"10.1097\/gox.0000000000005612","article-title":"Dexamethasone mesotherapy: an alternative for keloid treatment in hispanic skin","volume":"12","author":"Carvajal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Surgery Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asj\/sjaf182\/64288873\/sjaf182.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article-pdf\/46\/2\/202\/64288873\/sjaf182.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article-pdf\/46\/2\/202\/64288873\/sjaf182.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T13:47:08Z","timestamp":1769694428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article\/46\/2\/202\/8256402"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjaf182","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-820X","1527-330X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-820X","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-330X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]}}}