{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:26:24Z","timestamp":1787012784113,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vaginal laxity negatively affects sexual satisfaction and psychological well-being. Vaginoplasty is increasingly performed to address these issues in both women and their partners.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vaginal laxity (VL) on postoperative sexual satisfaction, sexual function, and psychological well-being of women who underwent vaginoplasty and their male partners.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred and sixty-two women who underwent vaginoplasty between 2021 and 2024 and their spouses were included in the study. Turkish questionnaires with proven validity and reliability were administered preoperatively and postoperatively. FSFI, SQoL-F, FGSIS, QSES, FSDS-R, NSSS, BDI, and STAI-I\/II questionnaires were administered to women; MSHQ-EjD, GRISS, and NSSS questionnaires were administered to male partners.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant improvements were found in sexual function (FSFI total score, P &amp;lt; .001), genital body perception (FGSIS, P &amp;lt; .001), sexual quality of life (SQoL-F, P &amp;lt; .001), and anxiety levels (STAI-I\/II, P &amp;lt; .001) in women. In male partners, ejaculation function (MSHQ-EjD, P &amp;lt; .001) and sexual satisfaction (NSSS, P &amp;lt; .001) increased, while a significant decrease was observed in GRISS scores. The increase in NSSS in male partners was statistically higher than in female partners (P = .034). In addition, a significant decrease in vaginal width was found in the postoperative period (P &amp;lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vaginoplasty surgery appears to provide significant gains not only anatomically but also psychosexually in both male and female individuals. The fact that the increase in sexual satisfaction level is more pronounced especially in male partners emphasizes the positive effect of this surgical intervention on couple dynamics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 4 (Therapeutic)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For image description, please refer to the figure legend and surrounding text.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaf231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:08:55Z","timestamp":1762520935000},"page":"961-968","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vaginoplasty and Relationship Dynamics: Postoperative Satisfaction in Female Patients and Their Male Partners"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5302-4688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif","family":"Ucar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melih","family":"Bestel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burak Huseyin","family":"Ucar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0016-8749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozan","family":"Dogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1177\/15533506211014848","article-title":"The emerging role on the use of platelet-rich plasma products in the management of urogynaecological disorders","volume":"29","author":"Prodromidou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surg Innov"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.33425\/2639-9342.1066","article-title":"Radiofrequency\u2014new solution for treatment of vaginal laxity, urinary incontinence and sexual disorders","volume":"2","author":"Ku\u017alik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol Reprod Health"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5201","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11175201","article-title":"Fractional carbon dioxide laser improves vaginal laxity via remodeling of vaginal tissues in Asian women","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02261-y","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of temperature controlled dual-mode radiofrequency in women with vaginal laxity","volume":"23","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14767","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.14767","article-title":"Experience of vaginoplasty for enhancement of sexual functioning in a center in Turkey: a before and after study","volume":"13","author":"Erdo\u011fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-025-03093-7","article-title":"Effect of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in multiparous Egyptian women with vaginal laxity: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"54","author":"Hady","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esxm.2021.100443","article-title":"Description of vaginal laxity and prolapse and correlation with sexual function (DeVeLoPS)","volume":"9","author":"Polland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Med"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1093\/jsxmed\/qdae068","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle training vs radiofrequency for women with vaginal laxity: randomized clinical trial","volume":"21","author":"Varella Pereira","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.52831\/kjhs.845668","article-title":"Postpartum d\u00f6nemi\u0307n g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen y\u00fcz\u00fc: ci\u0307nsel i\u0307\u015flev bozuklu\u011fu","volume":"2","author":"Bilgi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Karya J Health Sci"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06601-0","article-title":"Changes in sexual function and vaginal topography using transperineal ultrasound after vaginal laser treatment for women with stress urinary incontinence","volume":"12","author":"Long","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2021.1908988","article-title":"Impact of postmenopausal vaginal discomfort on sex and relationships in Brazil: the closer survey","volume":"24","author":"Pompei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.07.016","article-title":"Radiofrequency treatment of vaginal laxity after vaginal delivery: nonsurgical vaginal tightening","volume":"13","author":"Millheiser","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02220.x","article-title":"Female genital cosmetic and plastic surgery: a review","volume":"8","author":"Goodman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000007236","article-title":"A systematic review of nonsurgical vulvovaginal restoration devices: an evidence-based examination of safety and efficacy","volume":"146","author":"Preminger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2022.02.005","article-title":"Women\u2019s experience with non-surgical laser treatment for vaginal rejuvenation: a qualitative study","volume":"19","author":"Sorlie","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy123","article-title":"Motivations and concerns of patients seeking female genital cosmetic surgery: a qualitative study","volume":"39","author":"Placik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B17","first-page":"3","article-title":"Beck Depresyon Envanteri\u2019nin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi \u00fczerine bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma","volume":"7","author":"Hisli","year":"1989","journal-title":"T\u00fcrk Psikoloji Dergisi"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B18","volume-title":"Durumluk-S\u00fcrekli Kayg\u0131 Envanteri El Kitab\u0131","author":"\u00d6ner","year":"1983"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-018-3688-1","article-title":"The Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS): cross-cultural adaptation and validation of psychometric properties within a Turkish population","volume":"30","author":"Ellibes Kaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1007\/s12119-019-09599-2","article-title":"Turkish adaptation of the Female Sexual Distress Scale-R: a validity and reliability study","volume":"23","author":"Kiti\u015f","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex Cult"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B21","first-page":"272","article-title":"Kad\u0131n cinsel i\u015flev bozuklu\u011funun de\u011ferlendirilmesinde kullan\u0131lan Cinsel \u0130\u015flev \u0130ndeksi\u2019nin ge\u00e7erlilik ve g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi","volume":"16","author":"Aygin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Turk Psikiyatri Derg"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5455\/apd.41719","article-title":"The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Quality of Sexual Experience Scale","volume":"21","author":"Yassa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B23","first-page":"629","article-title":"Kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in cinsel ya\u015fam kalitesi \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi\u2019nin t\u00fcrk\u00e7eye uyarlanmas\u0131: ge\u00e7erlilik ve g\u00fcvenilirlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131","volume":"30","author":"Tu\u011fut","year":"2010","journal-title":"T\u00fcrkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.04.059","article-title":"Male Sexual Health Questionnaire (MSHQ): scale development and psychometric validation","volume":"64","author":"Rosen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B25","first-page":"83","article-title":"Golombok-rust cinsel doyum \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi'nin t\u00fcrk\u00e7e formunun ge\u00e7erlilik ve g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi","volume":"4","author":"Tu\u011frul","year":"1993","journal-title":"T\u00fcrkiye Psikiyatri Dergisi"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B26","first-page":"183","article-title":"Yeni Cinsel Doyum \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi'nin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e versiyonu: Ge\u00e7erlik ve g\u00fcvenirlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131","volume":"4","author":"Tugut","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Happiness Well-Being"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01573.x","article-title":"A large multicenter outcome study of female genital plastic surgery","volume":"7","author":"Goodman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.5152\/balkanmedj.2015.15073","article-title":"Assessment of the effects of perineoplasty on female sexual function","volume":"32","author":"Inan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Balkan Med J"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2022.06.008","article-title":"Vaginal tightening","volume":"49","author":"Triana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s00238-022-01945-2","article-title":"The effect of vaginoplasty on coping with stress, self-esteem, and sexual satisfaction in Turkish women: a cross-sectional controlled study","volume":"45","author":"Erdogan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Plast Surg"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B31","volume-title":"Measuring Sexual Health: Conceptual and Practical Considerations and Related Indicators","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjw083","article-title":"Evaluation of body image and sexual satisfaction in women undergoing female genital plastic\/cosmetic surgery","volume":"36","author":"Goodman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjad109","article-title":"The effect of female genital cosmetic and reconstructive procedures on body and genital self-image: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Alavi-Arjas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-013-2297-2","article-title":"Psychosexual outcome after labiaplasty: a prospective case-comparison study","volume":"25","author":"Veale","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjw190","article-title":"A retrospective study of the psychological outcomes of labiaplasty","volume":"37","author":"Sharp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP517","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy321","article-title":"Major motivators and sociodemographic features of women undergoing labiaplasty","volume":"39","author":"Dogan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaf145","article-title":"The effect of labiaplasty on self-perception and quality of sexual life in women: functional and psychological reflections","author":"Ucar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP271","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjad368","article-title":"Does the surgical margin affect sexual function following linear labiaplasty technique?","volume":"44","author":"Dogan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aesthet Surgery J"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.01.026","article-title":"Management of vaginal laxity through bilateral wall tightening without mucosal excision","volume":"80","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-5655","article-title":"The strategy for vaginal rejuvenation: CO2 laser or vaginoplasty?","volume":"9","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.18502\/jfrh.v15i4.7892","article-title":"Body image, sexual function, and sexual satisfaction among couples before and after gynecologic cosmetic surgery","volume":"15","author":"Eftekhar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Family Reprod Health"},{"key":"2026081719570660000_sjaf231-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP551","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjae080","article-title":"Partner satisfaction in labiaplasty patients","volume":"44","author":"Bestel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Surgery Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asj\/sjaf231\/65251745\/sjaf231.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article-pdf\/46\/9\/961\/65251745\/sjaf231.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article-pdf\/46\/9\/961\/65251745\/sjaf231.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:57:15Z","timestamp":1787011035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/article\/46\/9\/961\/8317766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjaf231","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-820X","1527-330X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-820X","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-330X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]}}}