{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T04:24:44Z","timestamp":1788582284676,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The immune system drives the foreign body response (FBR) to breast implants, triggering cellular and molecular events that lead to the formation of an implant capsule. Implant surface topography may influence this immunological process.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n The objective of this study was to assess the immune response to silicone implants with smooth or 4-\u00b5m surface roughness.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Custom-made, miniaturized implants or coupons of commercially available breast implant shells with smooth (0-\u00b5m) or 4-\u00b5m surfaces were implanted subcutaneously in the dorsolumbar region of mice. Capsule samples were harvested after 3, 6, or 9\u2005weeks. Immune cells were characterized through histology scoring based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 10993-6:2016 guidelines (biological evaluation of medical devices), flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Histological total sum scores, indicating overall inflammation, were similar between smooth and 4-\u00b5m implants at 3, 6, and 9\u2005weeks postimplantation. Macrophages, key regulators of the FBR, were comparable between smooth and 4-\u00b5m implants, as demonstrated by flow cytometry analysis and CD11b + histology staining. Further analysis of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophages showed similar phenotypes between smooth and 4-\u00b5m implants. Regulatory T-cell populations, which are responsible for suppressing excessive immune responses and maintaining immune balance, were similar in capsule tissues from smooth and 4-\u00b5m implants, as determined by flow cytometry and Foxp3 gene expression analysis. Gene expression of markers for cell populations and mechanotransduction were comparable at all time points.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Host immune responses were similar for breast implants with surface roughness of 0\u2005\u00b5m or 4\u2005\u00b5m up to 9\u2005weeks postimplantation in mice.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjag072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T11:33:16Z","timestamp":1776166396000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Comparative Immunological Assessment of the Capsules From Silicone Implants With 0-\u00b5m and 4-\u00b5m Surfaces"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Nathan R","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor M","family":"Levee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally M","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronika S","family":"Leang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen","family":"Gabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1668930","article-title":"Biomimetic optimization of silicone breast implant integration: insights into wound healing and the foreign body response","volume":"13","author":"Dzobo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2007.11.004","article-title":"Foreign body reaction to biomaterials","volume":"20","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-23-131","article-title":"Implant-based breast surgery and capsular formation: when, how and why? \u2014A narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Gorgy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000005802","article-title":"Implant texture and capsular contracture: a review of cellular and molecular pathways","volume":"12","author":"Wells","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111675","article-title":"SMI\u2014capsular fibrosis and biofilm dynamics: molecular mechanisms, clinical implications, and antimicrobial approaches","volume":"25","author":"Schoberleitner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B6","first-page":"168","article-title":"Capsular weakness around breast implant: a non-recognized complication","volume":"4","author":"Arquero","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Plast Surg"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B7","author":"American Society of Plastic Surgeons"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.21037\/gs.2016.11.09","article-title":"Breast implant design","volume":"6","author":"Maxwell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gland Surg"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B9","author":"American Society of Plastic Surgeons"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.21037\/gs.2018.11.09","article-title":"Implant selection in the setting of prepectoral breast reconstruction","volume":"8","author":"Gabriel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gland Surg"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B11","volume-title":"Non-active Surgical Implants\u2014Mammary Implants\u2014Specific Requirements. ISO 14607","author":"International Organization for Standardization","year":"2024","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B12","volume-title":"Non-active Surgical Implants\u2014Mammary Implants\u2014Particular Requirements. ISO 14607","author":"International Organization for Standardization","year":"2018","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003449","article-title":"Breast implant utilization trends in USA versus Europe and the impact of BIA-ALCL publications","volume":"9","author":"Jalalabadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B14","author":"US Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00739-4","article-title":"The surface topography of silicone breast implants mediates the foreign body response in mice, rabbits and humans","volume":"5","author":"Doloff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjac301","article-title":"Study of the effect of different breast implant surfaces on capsule formation and host inflammatory response in an animal model","volume":"43","author":"Santanelli di Pompeo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17320-x","article-title":"Impact on capsule formation for three different types of implant surface tomography","volume":"12","author":"Jeon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-023-03323-0","article-title":"Breast implant capsule: a murine model comparing capsular contracture susceptibility among six breast implants available in the market","volume":"47","author":"B\u00e9rniz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.01.085","article-title":"Inflammatory response to various implant surfaces in murine models: a systematic analysis","volume":"103","author":"Mare\u0219","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B20","volume-title":"Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)\u2014Surface Texture: Areal\u2014Part 2: Terms, Definitions and Surface Texture Parameters","author":"International Organization for Standardization","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B21","volume-title":"Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices. Part 6: Tests for Local Effects After Implantation. ISO 10993-6","author":"International Organization for Standardization","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2448","article-title":"Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation","volume":"8","author":"Mosser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2016.08.006","article-title":"Macrophage polarization in response to epigenetic modifiers during infection and inflammation","volume":"22","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01471-y","article-title":"T cells in health and disease","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2010.02432.x","article-title":"Effector and regulatory T-cell subsets in autoimmunity and tissue inflammation","volume":"72","author":"J\u00e4ger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"2026051822220023800_sjag072-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-022-00314-1","article-title":"Advances in surface modifications of the silicone breast implant and impact on its biocompatibility and biointegration","volume":"26","author":"Foroushani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater Res"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Surgery Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asj\/sjag072\/68096246\/sjag072.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asj\/sjag072\/68096246\/sjag072.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T02:22:07Z","timestamp":1779157327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/asj\/sjag072\/8656473"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"references-count":26,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjag072","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-820X","1527-330X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-820X","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-330X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"article-number":"sjag072"}}