{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T17:05:33Z","timestamp":1779469533629,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ptosis, the drooping of the upper eyelid caused by levator palpebrae superioris dysfunction, can impair vision and quality of life. Standard treatments include surgery, whereas botulinum toxin injections have shown potential noninvasive benefits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of orbicularis oculi muscle botulinum toxin injection vs levator palpebrae superioris muscle shortening surgery for ptosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-six patients with levator palpebrae superioris muscle weakness were assigned to an experimental group receiving botulinum toxin injection or a control group undergoing traditional surgery. Primary outcomes were palpebral fissure height, visual function, and patient satisfaction; secondary outcomes were adverse reactions and recovery time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The experimental group showed greater improvement in palpebral fissure height (3.5 mm vs 1.7 mm) and visual function than the control group. Satisfaction was higher, mainly owing to the noninvasive procedure and shorter recovery. Adverse reactions were less frequent, with fewer complications such as scarring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Botulinum toxin injection may be a minimally invasive option for selected patients, particularly those with mild dysfunction or wishing to avoid surgery. It improved eyelid height and visual function, reduced side effects, and accelerated recovery. Further studies should assess long-term effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p\/>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjag076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T11:32:09Z","timestamp":1776771129000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Orbicularis Oculi Toxin Injection for Treating Levator Palpebrae Superioris Weakness: Clinical Effect and Safety in a Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Shunbing","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingqian","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueshang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunshun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jintian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026052212144984600_sjag076-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2024.101327","article-title":"Unraveling 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