{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T02:02:30Z","timestamp":1780538550514,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mandibular septum (MS) is not a well-defined anatomical structure and is mostly known as a ligamentous formation that separates the jowl and submandibular fat compartments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the anatomical relationships between the MS, the platysma mandibular ligament (PML), together with the mandibular osteocutaneous ligament (MOCL), and the marginal mandibular nerve (MMN), with a focus on their potential relevance in facelift surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MS, PML, MOCL, and the MMN were identified in 14 cadavers (28 hemifaces). Layer-by-layer dissection techniques were carried out in the subcutaneous and subplatysmal planes using 3.5 magnifying surgical loupes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MS and PML were observed to be continuous with one another, functioning as a supportive structure that limits inferior migration of jowl fat toward the neck. The MOCL was located superiorly 5.79 \u00b1 0.80\u2005mm on the right side and 5.43 \u00b1 0.94\u2005mm on the left side to the PML and MS (P &amp;gt; .05). The MMN was identified inferiorly 8.43 \u00b1 1.91\u2005mm on the right side and 8.71 \u00b1 1.94\u2005mm on the left side to the MS at the gonial angle (P &amp;gt; .05). At the junction point of the MS and PML, MMN crossed the mandible and continued in the preperiosteally to the mental foramen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MMN courses inferior to the MS along the masseter muscle and becomes deeper at the anterior margin of the masseter, where it may be at increased risk of injury. These findings may improve surgical awareness during facelift procedures and aid in nerve preservation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjag090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:56:44Z","timestamp":1777377404000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anatomical Reassessment of the Mandibular Septum: Relationship With the Marginal Mandibular Nerve and Deep Structures of Lower Face"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6696-6915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cansu","family":"Yal\u00e7\u0131n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmet Safa","family":"Do\u011fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sel\u00e7uk","family":"Tunal\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebat","family":"Karam\u00fcrsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219s","DOI":"10.1097\/prs.0000000000001837","article-title":"Midface: clinical anatomy and regional approaches with injectable fillers","volume":"136","author":"Cotofana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-871757","article-title":"Anatomy of the jawline, neck, and perioral area with clinical correlations","volume":"21","author":"Agarwal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235s","DOI":"10.1097\/prs.0000000000001836","article-title":"Lower face: clinical anatomy and regional approaches with injectable fillers","volume":"136","author":"Braz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjae151","article-title":"Mandibular ligament and the prejowl sulcus explained","volume":"44","author":"Talei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-17838-2_36","volume-title":"Advanced Surgical Facial Rejuvenation: Art and Clinical Practice","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198901000-00003","article-title":"The retaining ligaments of the cheek","volume":"83","author":"Furnas","year":"1989","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2016.06.018","article-title":"Detailed anatomy of the retaining ligaments of the mandible for facial rejuvenation","volume":"44","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-022-02996-3","article-title":"The surgical anatomy of the jowl and the mandibular ligament reassessed","volume":"47","author":"Minelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000302462.61624.26","article-title":"The mandibular septum: anatomical observations of the jowls in aging\u2014implications for facial rejuvenation","volume":"121","author":"Reece","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sju054","article-title":"The relationship of the marginal mandibular nerve to the mandibular osseocutaneous ligament and lesser ligaments of the lower face","volume":"35","author":"Huettner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1097\/01.Prs.0000021442.30272.0e","article-title":"Anatomicohistologic study of the retaining ligaments of the face and use in face lift: retaining ligament correction and SMAS plication","volume":"110","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asj.2008.09.007","article-title":"The aesthetic jaw line: management of the aging jowl","volume":"28","author":"Reece","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2009.01424.x","article-title":"The chin and adjacent fat compartments","volume":"36","author":"Pilsl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2008.05.011","article-title":"Safely navigating around the facial nerve in three dimensions","volume":"35","author":"Owsley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1055\/b-006-160953","volume-title":"Facial Danger Zones: Avoiding Nerve Injury in Facial Plastic Surgery","author":"Seckel","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000265403.66886.54","article-title":"The fat compartments of the face: anatomy and clinical implications for cosmetic surgery","volume":"119","author":"Rohrich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000279348.09156.c3","article-title":"Observations on periorbital and midface aging","volume":"120","author":"Lambros","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)30969-X","article-title":"Extended SMAS dissection as an approach to midface rejuvenation","volume":"22","author":"Stuzin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199606000-00001","article-title":"Relations of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system to the orbit and characterization of the orbitomalar ligament","volume":"12","author":"Kikkawa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12728","article-title":"The layered anatomy of the jawline","volume":"17","author":"Suwanchinda","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1097\/prs.0000000000010556","article-title":"The deep fascia of the head and neck revisited: relationship with the facial nerve and implications for rhytidectomy","volume":"153","author":"Minelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otot.2025.01.002","article-title":"Head and neck fascial layers and the spaces they create in 3-dimensions: an anatomic model created using peer-reviewed literature, radiographic imaging, and an experienced medical illustrator","volume":"36","author":"Calcano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oper Tech Otolayngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000630303","article-title":"The fasciae and fascial spaces of the head, neck and adjacent regions","volume":"63","author":"Grodinsky","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245e","DOI":"10.1097\/prs.0b013e3182789c5c","article-title":"Relationship of the zygomatic facial nerve to the retaining ligaments of the face: the sub-SMAS danger zone","volume":"131","author":"Alghoul","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026060321014970200_sjag090-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1097\/scs.0000000000011114","article-title":"Anatomic consideration and lifting technique in mandible border line lifting with multidirectional thread","volume":"36","author":"Hong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Surgery Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asj\/sjag090\/68190138\/sjag090.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asj\/sjag090\/68190138\/sjag090.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T01:01:57Z","timestamp":1780534917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asj\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/asj\/sjag090\/8665225"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asj\/sjag090","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-820X","1527-330X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-820X","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-330X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"article-number":"sjag090"}}