{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T07:15:40Z","timestamp":1789456540211,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,8]],"date-time":"2018-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although interest in penile augmentation procedures is increasing, there is a significant lack of research into the psychological and psychosexual outcomes of these procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the psychological and psychosexual outcomes of nonsurgical medical penile girth augmentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study involved a mixed method approach. Twenty-five men who had undergone a nonsurgical medical penile girth augmentation between 1 and 12 months prior (mean, 6.6 months) completed an online questionnaire containing measures of procedure motivation, procedure satisfaction, genital self-image, penile-focused body dysmorphic disorder symptoms, self-esteem, and sexual relationship satisfaction. Six of these men elected to complete in-depth one-to-one semi-structured phone interviews to further explore the psychological impacts of the procedure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the online questionnaire, most men were satisfied with their penile size, appearance, and function after penile girth augmentation. The men also reported statistically significant improvements in their genital self-image (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and self-esteem (P = 0.008), and a reduction in penile-focused body dysmorphic disorder symptoms (P = 0.002) at the time of completing the questionnaire compared to recalled pre-procedural levels. The in-depth interviews yielded 3 themes surrounding penile augmentation outcomes: (1) high satisfaction with increased penis girth; (2) increased self-confidence, particularly in situations in which the penis would be seen, such as a locker room; and (3) increased sexual confidence, but some mixed impacts on sexual relationships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most men appear to be satisfied with their nonsurgical medical penile girth augmentation results, and they also seem to experience improvements in their overall self-esteem.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 4<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p\/>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,8]],"date-time":"2018-05-08T03:20:37Z","timestamp":1525749637000},"page":"306-316","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Nonsurgical Medical Penile Girth Augmentation: A Retrospective Study of Psychological and Psychosexual Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Gemma","family":"Sharp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayson","family":"Oates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private practice in Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2023012016594849300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-008-9439-5","article-title":"The association between penis size and sexual health among men who have sex with men","volume":"39","author":"Grov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023012016594849300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1037\/1524-9220.7.3.129","article-title":"Does size matter? 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