{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T02:33:09Z","timestamp":1777343589812,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Filler injection is a popular cosmetic procedure, but it can entail vascular complications. Periorbital injections have the highest risk within the entire injection area.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The authors sought to systematically screen for periorbital arterial variations prior to treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The external carotid arteries of 10 cadaveric heads were infused with adequate lead oxide contrast. The facial and superficial temporal arteries of another 11 cadaveric heads were injected with the contrast in sequential order. Computed tomography (CT) scanning was performed after injection of contrast, and 3-dimensional (3D) CT scans were reconstructed using validated algorithms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Three types of periorbital blood vessels were found to derive from the ophthalmic artery, including 30% directly originating from the ophthalmic artery, 65% originating from its trochlear branch, and 5% originating from its supraorbital branch. In the forehead, the ophthalmic artery, originating from the internal carotid arteries, formed anastomoses between the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery, originating from the external carotid artery, with the deep and superficial branches of the supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries, respectively. The lateral orbit and malar plexus can be classified into 4 types based on the trunk artery: the zygomatic orbital artery (27%), the transverse facial artery (23%), the premasseteric branch of the facial artery (19%), and all 3 contributing equally (31%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Postmortem 3D CT can map periorbital arterial variations. The branching pattern of the ophthalmic artery, the ophthalmic angiosome in the forehead, and the distribution of the lateral orbit and malar plexus were identified at high resolution to guide clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T16:57:14Z","timestamp":1536166634000},"page":"1109-1117","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Study on the Periorbital Branches of the Ophthalmic Artery: Arterial Variations and Clinical Relevance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Wei-Rui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai-Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng-En","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Xue","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Feng","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Kang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023020314025513800_CIT0001","first-page":"791","article-title":"Treating the aging face: a multidisciplinary approach with calcium hydroxylapatite and other fillers, part 2","volume":"20","author":"Werschler","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023020314025513800_CIT0002","first-page":"32","article-title":"Avoiding malar edema during midface\/cheek augmentation with dermal fillers","volume":"4","author":"Funt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023020314025513800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000754","article-title":"Blindness caused by cosmetic filler injection: a review of cause and therapy","volume":"134","author":"Carruthers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023020314025513800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000486","article-title":"Avoiding and treating blindness from fillers: a review of the world literature","volume":"41","author":"Beleznay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"2023020314025513800_CIT0005","first-page":"414","article-title":"Zur anatomie der orbitalarteien","volume":"12","author":"Meyer","year":"1887","journal-title":"Morphologia Jahr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023020314025513800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.46.4.212","article-title":"The ophthalmic artery: III. 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