{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:54:56Z","timestamp":1792814096681,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gynecomastia is defined as a benign enlargement of male breast glandular tissue. It is the most common breast condition in male, and the prevalence ranges from 32% to 72%. No standardized treatment exists for gynecomastia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The authors treat gynecomastia patient with liposuction and complete gland excision through periareolar incision without skin excision. In case of skin redundancy, the authors use their special technique called nipple areola complex (NAC) plaster lift technique.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The authors conducted the retrospective analysis of patient who underwent gynecomastia surgery between January 2020 and December 2021 at Chennai Plastic Surgery. All patients were treated with liposuction, gland excision, and NAC lifting plaster when required. The follow-up period ranges from 6 to 14 months.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 448 patients (896 breasts) were included in our study with average age of 26.6 years. Grade II gynecomastia was most common in our study. The average BMI of the patients was 27.31\u2005kg\/m2. One hundred and sixteen patients (25.9%) experienced some form of complication. Seroma was most common complications in our study followed by superficial skin necrosis. Patient satisfaction rate was high in our study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gynecomastia surgery is safe and highly rewarding procedure for surgeons. Various technologies and methods like liposuction, complete gland excision, and NAC lifting plaster technique should be adopted in gynecomastia treatment to give a better patient satisfaction. Complications are common in gynecomastia surgery but easily manageable.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 4<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asjof\/ojac095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T04:51:36Z","timestamp":1672635096000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A Single-Center Experience With Gynecomastia Treatment Using Liposuction, Complete Gland Removal, and Nipple Areola Complex Lifting Plaster Technique: A Review of 448 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Karthik","family":"Ramasamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic surgeons in private practice in Chennai , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjib","family":"Tripathee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic surgeon, Grande City Hospital , Kathmandu , Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anitha","family":"Murugesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic surgeons in private practice in Chennai , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Jesudass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic surgeons in private practice in Chennai , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic surgeons in private practice in Chennai , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abisshek Raj","family":"Alagarasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical officer, Chettinad Hospital , Tamil Nadu , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2023122710002136400_ojac095-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2007.03.010","article-title":"Relationship of adolescent gynecomastia with varicocele and somatometric parameters: a cross-sectional study in 6200 healthy boys","volume":"41","author":"Kumanov","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023122710002136400_ojac095-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acuro.2013.02.013","article-title":"Treatment of gynecomastia in patients with prostate cancer and androgen deprivation","volume":"38","author":"Bautista-Vidal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Actas Urol Esp"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023122710002136400_ojac095-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/s1479-666x(09)80026-7","article-title":"Current concepts in gynaecomastia","volume":"7","author":"Devalia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023122710002136400_ojac095-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2012.712109","article-title":"Drug-induced gynecomastia: an evidence-based review","volume":"11","author":"Deepinder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023122710002136400_ojac095-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2015.06.007","article-title":"A systematic review of literature on psychosocial aspects of gynecomastia in adolescents and young men","volume":"43","author":"Rew","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023122710002136400_ojac095-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3161","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003161","article-title":"Surgical management of gynecomastia: a comprehensive review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Holzmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023122710002136400_ojac095-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4339","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004339","article-title":"NAC plaster lifting technique for the management of skin redundancy in severe gynecomastia","volume":"10","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023122710002136400_ojac095-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000042146.40379.25","article-title":"Classification and management of gynecomastia: defining the role of ultrasound-assisted liposuction","volume":"111","author":"Rohrich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023122710002136400_ojac095-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-002-1516-x","article-title":"Ultrasound-assisted liposuction: an analysis of 348 cases","volume":"27","author":"Graf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023122710002136400_ojac095-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1347166","article-title":"Gynecomastia in adolescent males","volume":"27","author":"Lemaine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023122710002136400_ojac095-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e734","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000675","article-title":"Gynecomastia management: an evolution and refinement in technique at UT southwestern medical center","volume":"4","author":"Bailey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Global Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023122710002136400_ojac095-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-016-0705-y","article-title":"Surgical management of gynecomastia: subcutaneous mastectomy and liposuction","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023122710002136400_ojac095-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.129624","article-title":"Gynaecomastia correction: a review of our experience","volume":"47","author":"Arvind","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023122710002136400_ojac095-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31824e296a","article-title":"Surgical management of gynecomastia: an outcome analysis","volume":"71","author":"Kasielska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023122710002136400_ojac095-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-016-0749-z","article-title":"No-drain single incision liposuction pull-through technique for gynecomastia","volume":"41","author":"Khalil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023122710002136400_ojac095-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4256","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004256","article-title":"Total gynecomastia removal with layered closure: a study of 567 cases","volume":"10","author":"Caridi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023122710002136400_ojac095-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2019.09.003","article-title":"Review of the microdebrider excision and liposuction technique (MELT) for the treatment of gynecomastia","volume":"73","author":"Sim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023122710002136400_ojac095-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-021-02611-x","article-title":"Aesthetic outcome of gynecomastia management with conventional liposuction and cross-chest liposuction: a prospective comparative study","volume":"46","author":"Singamsetty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023122710002136400_ojac095-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.04.042","article-title":"How happy are patients with their gynaecomastia reduction surgery?","volume":"62","author":"Ridha","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Surgery Journal Open Forum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asjopenforum\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojac095\/48475031\/ojac095.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asjopenforum\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojac095\/54902505\/ojac095.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asjopenforum\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojac095\/54902505\/ojac095.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T10:01:02Z","timestamp":1703671262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asjopenforum\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojac095\/6966548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojac095","relation":{},"ISSN":["2631-4797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2631-4797","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"article-number":"ojac095"}}