{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:28:57Z","timestamp":1791664137702,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]],"date-time":"2023-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":55,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>\u00a0<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Facial aesthetic surgery is an emerging branch worldwide. India, a torchbearer country in facial plastic surgery, has seen tremendous growth in medical technology, resources, and clientele over the past century. This study aims to study past practices and current trends in facial plastic surgery and aesthetic procedures in India by individually addressing commonly performed nonsurgical procedures (Botox, Kybella [Allergan, Irvine, CA], fillers, threads, micro-focused ultrasound, and nonsurgical hair restoration), and surgical procedures (rhinoplasty, blepharoplasty, hair transplant, and facelift). It also aims to further elaborate on the scope of facial aesthetics and make recommendations on prospects in the field. A structured scoping review and a subsequent evidence-based synthesis were done following an extensive literature search on various databases such as PubMed (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil), MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD), EMBASE (Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), and Cochrane (Wiley, Hoboken, NJ). The initial search yielded 703 articles, out of which 20 were found to be relevant to the present study and discussed. It was found that there is an upward trend in the growth of facial plastic surgery in India, and a gradual shift in patient attitude toward nonsurgical aesthetic procedures was seen. This article affirms the growth of facial aesthetic surgery in India by highlighting the recent development and trends in the practices of surgeons. It also addresses the shortcomings in the current administration and makes recommendations to fill the existing loopholes in plastic surgery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 5<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asjof\/ojad022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]],"date-time":"2023-02-25T10:20:02Z","timestamp":1677320402000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evolution and Trends of Facial Plastic Surgery and Facial Aesthetic Procedures in India: From Awakening to Revival"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Debraj","family":"Shome","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene R W J","family":"van der Hulst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaibhav","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren I","family":"Booi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranjal D","family":"Mhatre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Teaching history of medicine in the perspective of \u201cmedical humanities\u201d","volume":"40","author":"von Engelhardt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2021.00745","article-title":"Plastic surgery and specialty creep: an analysis of publication trends","volume":"48","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31827ae9f5","article-title":"Sushruta father of plastic surgery","volume":"73","author":"Champaneria","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16966\/2470-0991.207","article-title":"The principles of surgical practice: sushruta samhita and its importance to present day surgery","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Surg Open Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B5","article-title":"Sushruta: rhinoplasty in 600 B.C","volume":"3","author":"Saraf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Internet J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.41147","article-title":"An evolution of the \u201cgolden age\u201d of dermatologic surgery (1958-2008)","volume":"1","author":"Field","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cutan Aesthetic Surg"},{"key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B7","author":"IANS"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00238-020-01730-z","article-title":"Evolution of aesthetic surgery in India, current practice scenario, and anticipated post-COVID-19 changes: a survey-based analysis","volume":"44","author":"Thakurani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B9","first-page":"76","article-title":"History of plastic surgery in India","volume":"48","author":"Rana","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP163","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjv252","article-title":"Cosmetic or aesthetic?","volume":"36","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1572360","article-title":"Overview of facial plastic surgery and current developments","volume":"2","author":"Chuang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surg J"},{"issue":"8284","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182174463","article-title":"Use of botulinum toxin (botox) in the management of masseter muscle hypertrophy: a simplified technique","volume":"128","author":"Andrade","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_548_18","article-title":"Esthetic lip repositioning: a cosmetic approach for correction of gummy smile\u2014a case series","volume":"23","author":"Ramesh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Periodontol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1888","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000001888","article-title":"An algorithm using botox injections for facial scar improvement in Fitzpatrick type IV\u2013VI skin","volume":"6","author":"Shome","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1155","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000001155","article-title":"Noninvasive submental fat compartment treatment","volume":"4","author":"Shamban","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14218","article-title":"Mesococktails and mesoproducts in aesthetic dermatology","volume":"33","author":"Kandhari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14407","article-title":"Innovative approach for tear trough deformity correction using higher G prime fillers for safe, efficacious, and long-lasting results: a prospective interventional study","volume":"20","author":"Vadera","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14173","article-title":"Non-surgical rhinoplasty using hyaluronic acid dermal fillers: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B20","first-page":"S93","article-title":"Use of barbed threads in facial rejuvenation","volume":"41","author":"Kalra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4241","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14921","article-title":"Non-surgical facelift-by PDO threads and dermal filler: a case report","volume":"21","author":"Goel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2498","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002498","article-title":"Use of micro-focused ultrasound for skin tightening of mid and lower face","volume":"7","author":"Shome","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/der2.109","article-title":"The iceberg phenomenon of alopecia associated public health ramifications on the quality of life among adults in India","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001894","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma as a treatment for androgenetic alopecia","volume":"45","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14154","article-title":"Comparison of QR 678\u00ae & QR678\u00ae neo as monotherapy and as combination therapy with 5% minoxidil solution and oral finasteride in the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia-which is better?","volume":"20","author":"Shome","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13398","article-title":"Qr 678 & QR678 Neo Vs PRP-A randomised, comparative, prospective study","volume":"19","author":"Kapoor","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3270","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13759","article-title":"Evaluation of efficacy of QR678\u00ae and QR678\u00ae Neo hair growth factor formulation in the treatment of persistent chemotherapy-induced alopecia caused due to cytotoxic chemotherapy \u2013 a prospective pilot study","volume":"19","author":"Kapoor","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B28","first-page":"S9","article-title":"Primary rhinoplasty: an Indian perspective","volume":"41","author":"Bhat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-020-02100-8","article-title":"Non-surgical rhinoplasty and use of hyaluronic acid based dermal filler-user experience in few subjects","volume":"73","author":"Baser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.53092","article-title":"Blepharoplasty: an overview","volume":"2","author":"Naik","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cutan Aesthetic Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730842","article-title":"Asian Blepharoplasty: the Indian perspective","volume":"54","author":"Handa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.25259\/CSDM_14_2021","article-title":"Hair transplantation in androgenetic alopecia","volume":"1","author":"Chouhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cosmoderma"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4103\/JCAS.JCAS_98_18","article-title":"Trends for facial injectable therapies in medical aesthetics","volume":"11","author":"Arsiwala","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cutan Aesthetic Surg"},{"key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B34","author":"Campiglio","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01983-w","article-title":"A review of complications due to the use of botulinum toxin A for cosmetic indications","volume":"45","author":"Sethi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Overview of non-invasive treatments for submental fat reduction","volume":"5","author":"Saluja","year":"2018","journal-title":"The PMFA Journal."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.63221","article-title":"Dermal fillers: do's and dont's","volume":"3","author":"Vedamurthy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cutan Aesthetic Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.04.009","article-title":"Complications and adverse effects of periocular aesthetic treatments","volume":"67","author":"Nagendran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.37775","article-title":"Anatomy of aging face","volume":"40","author":"Khazanchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2920","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002920","article-title":"Mini-midface lift using polydioxanone cog threads","volume":"8","author":"Myung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.138328","article-title":"Evaluation of microneedling fractional radiofrequency device for treatment of acne scars","volume":"7","author":"Chandrashekar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cutan Aesthetic Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2021.01.019","article-title":"Evaluating resurfacing modalities in aesthetics","volume":"40","author":"Bhargava","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2016.03.012","article-title":"Microfocused ultrasound for skin tightening","volume":"43","author":"Gutowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3109\/09546630903578574","article-title":"Hair growth and rejuvenation: an overview","volume":"22","author":"Semalty","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dermatol Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2017.44.1.90","article-title":"Ethics and plastic surgery\/what is plastic surgery?","volume":"44","author":"Barone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s002660010031","article-title":"Outcomes research in facial plastic surgery: a review and new directions","volume":"24","author":"Alsarraf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2011.11.003","article-title":"Ethnic rhinoplasty","volume":"24","author":"Thomas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2019.29007.won","article-title":"Complications in rhinoplasty: a literature review and comparison with a survey of consent forms","volume":"22","author":"Heilbronn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Aesthetic Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1518_21","article-title":"Review of complications in double eyelid surgery","volume":"70","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.03.124","article-title":"Hair transplantation: basic overview","volume":"85","author":"Jimenez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000492539","article-title":"A systematic review of the outcome of hair transplantation in primary scarring alopecia","volume":"5","author":"Ekelem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Skin Appendage Disord"},{"key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-1346-6_37","volume-title":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician","author":"Ilankovan","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812475221","article-title":"Facelift approach for parotidectomy: an evolving aesthetic technique","volume":"148","author":"Grover","year":"2013","journal-title":"Otolaryngol\u2013Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21832","article-title":"Robotic facelift thyroidectomy: II. Clinical feasibility and safety","volume":"121","author":"Terris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-019-0287-8","article-title":"Surgical-orthodontic approach for facial rejuvenation based on a reverse facelift","volume":"20","author":"Lorente","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B56","first-page":"59","article-title":"The future of noninvasive procedural dermatology","volume":"32","author":"Alam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2008.03.003","article-title":"Update on botulinum toxin","volume":"26","author":"Flynn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B58","first-page":"215","article-title":"New trends in rhinoplasty","volume":"132","author":"Braccini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B59","first-page":"70","article-title":"Physician analysis: complications from laser procedures performed by non-physicians","volume":"13","author":"Narurkar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Skin Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.104666","article-title":"Guest editorial: challenging issues in aesthetic surgery","volume":"79","author":"Khunger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2009.00535.x","article-title":"Visible skin condition and perception of human facial appearance","volume":"32","author":"Samson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Cosmet Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/s0007-1226(96)90025-9","article-title":"Patients\u2019 health related quality of life before and after aesthetic surgery","volume":"49","author":"Klassen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(94)90170-8","article-title":"Measuring outcome in low-priority plastic surgery patients using quality of life indices","volume":"47","author":"Cole","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.18231\/j.ijcaap.2019.015","article-title":"College students and cosmetic procedures: a survey on attitude and body image","volume":"4","author":"Kaur","year":"2019","journal-title":"IP Int J Compr Adv Pharmacol"},{"issue":"S2","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-021-02734-2","article-title":"Self-esteem in rhinoplasty patients: a comparative study","volume":"74","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-011-9675-2","article-title":"Aesthetic surgery: expanding horizons: concepts, desires, and fears of rural women in central India","volume":"35","author":"Patil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199804040-00040","article-title":"Psychological investigations in cosmetic surgery: a look back and a look ahead","volume":"101","author":"Sarwer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBEM.2013.052982","article-title":"Cosmetic surgery intent in emerging economies\u2014evidence from India","volume":"5","author":"Geetha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Bus Emerg Mark"},{"key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B69","article-title":"American Society of Plastic Surgeons","author":"Tracking Operations and Outcomes for Plastic Surgeons (TOPS)"},{"key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B70","author":"Cosmetic or Plastic Surgery Service"},{"key":"2023070811171401400_ojad022-B71","volume-title":"An Act to make a provision for levy and collection of tax on intra-State supply of goods or services or both by the Central Government and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto","author":"Central Goods and Services Tax Act","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Surgery Journal Open Forum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asjopenforum\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojad022\/49712925\/ojad022.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asjopenforum\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojad022\/50841731\/ojad022.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asjopenforum\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojad022\/50841731\/ojad022.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]],"date-time":"2023-07-08T11:17:46Z","timestamp":1688815066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asjopenforum\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojad022\/7058060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":71,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojad022","relation":{},"ISSN":["2631-4797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2631-4797","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"article-number":"ojad022"}}