{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:55:10Z","timestamp":1792814110534,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":213,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gynecomastia surgery is one of the most common aesthetic procedures in males. There is a lack of objective analytical parameters to judge outcomes. In this study, the authors aim to introduce novel anthropometric measurements and analysis techniques for the objective assessment of surgical outcomes based on specific aesthetic targets.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To introduce quantification of gynecomastia surgery outcomes and compare the results among the different grades of gynecomastia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 192 patients with gynecomastia were included. The patient cases were grouped according to grades and a set of anthropometric measurements were taken both before the operation and 6 months postoperatively. Liposuction and glandular excision were done through minimal incisions in all grades of gynecomastia, with the addition of ultrasound and nipple areola complex (NAC) lifting plaster in selected Grade 3 and all Grade 4 cases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A statistically significant improvement in the perimeter of the triangular relationship of sternal notch and nipples, the elevation of the NAC, the reduction of the area of the NAC, and the correction of asymmetry of the chest were seen in all grades of gynecomastia, with increased differences in higher grades.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A systematic objective analysis of the specific aesthetic targets helps to reliably compare results in a standard way and for carrying out improvisation of surgeons\u2019 techniques. Meanwhile, this approach helps identifying the need for customization, eventually providing symmetric and aesthetically pleasing surgical results.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 3<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asjof\/ojad073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T12:29:28Z","timestamp":1690892968000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Anthropometric Measurements and Analysis for Objective Assessment of Gynecomastia Surgery Results"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Karthik","family":"Ramasamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8494-8779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srivatsa M","family":"Shet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjib","family":"Tripathee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanthini","family":"Dhevi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abisshek Raj","family":"Alagarasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023082517594919000_ojad073-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2015.06.007","article-title":"A systematic review of literature on psychosocial aspects of gynecomastia in adolescents and young men","volume":"43","author":"Rew","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023082517594919000_ojad073-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1097\/prs.0000000000004807","article-title":"Defining the aesthetic units of the male chest and how they relate to gynecomastia based on 635 patients","volume":"142","author":"Caridi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023082517594919000_ojad073-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjx245","article-title":"Defining normal parameters for the male nipple-areola complex: a prospective observational study and recommendations for placement on the chest wall","volume":"38","author":"Yue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023082517594919000_ojad073-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-017-0941-9","article-title":"Optimal positioning of the nipple\u2013areola complex in men using the Mohrenheim-Estimated-Tangential-Tracking-Line (METT-Line): an intuitive approach","volume":"41","author":"Mett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023082517594919000_ojad073-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199411000-00010","article-title":"Nipple placement in simple mastectomy with free nipple grafting for severe gynecomastia","volume":"94","author":"Murphy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023082517594919000_ojad073-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000042146.40379.25","article-title":"Classification and management of gynecomastia: defining the role of ultrasound-assisted liposuction","volume":"111","author":"Rohrich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr 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