{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T23:52:15Z","timestamp":1788393135195,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":315,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"NCATS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012264","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012264","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002280","name":"Plastic Surgery Foundation Craniomaxillofacial Research Grant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002280","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>\u00a0<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Given the significance of forehead aesthetics to facial gender identification, frontal sinus setback and brow contouring are frequent components of facial feminization surgery (FFS) in transgender female patients. This study presents a safe and reliable technique for corrugator muscle resection during FFS to provide enhanced feminization of the forehead. This technique was performed in 12 patients between 27 and 58 years of age. Following bone reduction and sinus setback, the corrugator is located on the undersurface of the forehead flap and dissected through the reflected soft tissue of the forehead, with care taken to protect the supraorbital nerve. Patient satisfaction and complications, such as infection, poor wound healing, scarring, and desire for revision surgery, were assessed at follow-up visits. All patients showed improved feminization of the forehead. No complications were reported intraoperatively or postoperatively, and no patients required hospitalization beyond the expected overnight admission. No patients reported anesthesia or hypoesthesia in the distribution of the supraorbital nerve at 6 months postoperatively. Patients reported high satisfaction with their FFS outcomes. In conclusion, performing corrugator resection in conjunction with FFS is a safe and rapid technique that may significantly enhance the feminizing effects on the forehead of frontal sinus setback and brow contouring.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 4 (Therapeutic)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asjof\/ojae108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T18:06:37Z","timestamp":1731348397000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Finesse in Gender Affirming Frontal Contouring With Corrugator Resection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5263-2718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin G","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6187-8605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Ihnat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0009-3417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Vassallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P","family":"Alper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Prassinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Aral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tito","family":"Vasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Alperovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024121021555842200_ojae108-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000545","article-title":"Facial feminization surgery: the forehead. Surgical techniques and analysis of results","volume":"134","author":"Capit\u00e1n","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2024121021555842200_ojae108-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-6432","article-title":"Narrative review of facial gender surgery: approaches and techniques for the frontal sinus and upper third of the face","volume":"9","author":"Louis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2024121021555842200_ojae108-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21187","article-title":"Facial determinants of female gender and feminizing forehead cranioplasty","volume":"121","author":"Spiegel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2024121021555842200_ojae108-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/PSN.0000000000000435","article-title":"Facial feminization surgery: part 1 of the plastic surgeon's perspective of gender-affirming surgery","volume":"42","author":"Gibstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast Aesthet Nurs"},{"key":"2024121021555842200_ojae108-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181b5641b","article-title":"Evaluation of variable-dose treatment with a new U.S. botulinum toxin type A (Dysport) for correction of moderate to severe glabellar lines: results from a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"124","author":"Kane","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2024121021555842200_ojae108-B6","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Consideration of muscle mass in glabellar line treatment with botulinum toxin type A","volume":"11","author":"Monheit","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"2024121021555842200_ojae108-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2018.04.007","article-title":"Fronto-orbital feminization technique. 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