{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:17:28Z","timestamp":1767705448658,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":303,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although COVID-19 infection rates have declined from pandemic peaks, recent infection may pose a potential concern in aesthetic surgery. Of note, the surgical risks associated with recent infection are not well defined. Previous studies, constrained by small cohorts and early-pandemic data, have not conclusively established whether recent COVID-19 infection continues to influence surgical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors sought to determine whether COVID-19 infection within 30 days before body-contouring procedures is associated with increased postoperative complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult patients who underwent body-contouring surgery between August 2020 and March 2025 were identified from the US Collaborative Network on TriNetX (TRINETX, LLC, Cambridge, MA). Patients were categorized based on documented COVID-19 infection within 30 days preoperatively. Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed to balance demographics and comorbidities. Thirty-day postoperative complications were compared using risk ratios (RRs), with statistical significance defined as P &amp;lt; .05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 3941 patients were matched in each of the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. Patients in the matched COVID-19 group had a significantly increased risk of surgical-site infection (RR 1.56, P = .010), wound disruption (RR 1.69, P = .003), postoperative pain (RR 1.66, P = .002), anticoagulant use (RR 1.77, P &amp;lt; .0001), and emergency department visits (RR 1.50, P = .010).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite reduced overall prevalence, recent COVID-19 infection remains associated with increased risk of postoperative complications following body-contouring surgery. Delaying elective aesthetic procedures by at least 30 days following recent infection appears prudent to enhance patient safety and minimize complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p\/>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asjof\/ojaf141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T13:23:35Z","timestamp":1761830615000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Recent COVID-19 Infection Increases Complication Risk After Body-Contouring Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8278-1259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew Q","family":"Dao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Shaari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abigail R","family":"Tirrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brooke","family":"Barrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6791-1448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheuli","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernice Z","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7827-7454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Won","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"BaiJing","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J","family":"Taub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter W","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S630","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000003499","article-title":"Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on facial aesthetic surgery search interest","volume":"90","author":"Herzog","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1292","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.1292","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on facial plastic surgery volumes: a large database analysis of pre- and post-pandemic trends","volume":"9","author":"Lorenz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2023.05.002","article-title":"Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on global interest in plastic surgery","volume":"37","author":"Lem","year":"2023","journal-title":"JPRAS Open"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-022-03231-9","article-title":"COVID pandemic aftermath: changing dynamics on cosmetic and aesthetic surgery demands","volume":"47","author":"Aktas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.07.009","article-title":"COVID-19 testing processes and patient protections for resumption of elective surgery","volume":"221","author":"Schlosser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4025","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14124025","article-title":"Post-bariatric surgery abdominoplasty ameliorates psychological well-being in formerly obese patients: a cross-sectional recall study","volume":"14","author":"Drygalski","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3333","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-018-3323-8","article-title":"Does body contouring after bariatric weight loss enhance quality of life? A systematic review of QOL studies","volume":"28","author":"Toma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B8"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B9"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B10"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/01.GOX.0000898432.07571.0b","article-title":"Breast and body contouring outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization","volume":"10","author":"Duggan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000003431","article-title":"The impact of prior infection with SARS-cov-2 on surgical outcomes in patients undergoing abdominal body contouring procedures","volume":"90","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"61","author":"von Elm","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2022.05.009","article-title":"Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients with craniomaxillofacial injuries have an increased risk of surgical site infection","volume":"60","author":"Pitak-Arnnop","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-025-01542-5","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical site infections: a multi-center study evaluating incidence, pathogen distribution, and antimicrobial resistance patterns","volume":"14","author":"Keske","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2022.101401","article-title":"COVID-19 disease and immune dysregulation","volume":"35","author":"Davitt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Haematol"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14583","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.14583","article-title":"A retrospective cohort study of the impact of COVID-19 infection control measures on surgical site infections in an academic hospital setting","volume":"21","author":"Teymourian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100663","article-title":"The IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF cytokine triad is associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19","volume":"3","author":"Schulthei\u00df","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02178-y","article-title":"Deep insight into cytokine storm: from pathogenesis to treatment","volume":"10","author":"Nie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000679","article-title":"IL1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1 cytokines cooperate to modulate a complicated medical condition among COVID-19 patients: case-control study","volume":"85","author":"Faraj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-23547","article-title":"Mechanisms of hypoxia in COVID-19 patients: a pathophysiologic reflection","volume":"24","author":"Nitsure","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12060843","article-title":"Involvement of matrix metalloproteinases in COVID-19: molecular targets, mechanisms, and insights for therapeutic interventions","volume":"12","author":"Salom\u00e3o","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering8050063","article-title":"Collagen in wound healing","volume":"8","author":"Mathew-Steiner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineering (Basel)"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3109\/08977194.2011.595714","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 signaling in fibrosis","volume":"29","author":"Biernacka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08225-9","article-title":"Evaluation of the interaction between tumor growth factor-\u03b2 and interferon type I pathways in patients with COVID-19: focusing on ages 1 to 90 years","volume":"23","author":"Abbasifard","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2021.06.027","article-title":"Viral endothelial dysfunction: a unifying mechanism for COVID-19","volume":"96","author":"Prasad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2021.10.003","article-title":"COVID-19\u2013associated endothelial dysfunction and microvascular injury: from pathophysiology to clinical manifestations","volume":"14","author":"Canale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Card Electrophysiol Clin"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2022.102608","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and COVID-19","volume":"76","author":"Vanderheiden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-08632-9","article-title":"Central nervous system and systemic inflammatory networks associated with acute neurological outcomes in COVID-19","volume":"15","author":"Freitas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2016.10.001","article-title":"Nociceptor sensory neuron-immune interactions in pain and inflammation","volume":"38","author":"Pinho-Ribeiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002051","article-title":"ACE2 and SCARF expression in human dorsal root ganglion nociceptors: implications for SARS-CoV-2 virus neurological effects","volume":"161","author":"Shiers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187163","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1187163","article-title":"ME\/CFS and long COVID share similar symptoms and biological abnormalities: road map to the literature","volume":"10","author":"Komaroff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344086","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1344086","article-title":"The knowns and unknowns of long COVID-19: from mechanisms to therapeutical approaches","volume":"15","author":"Gheorghita","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.317447","article-title":"The emerging threat of (micro)thrombosis in COVID-19 and its therapeutic implications","volume":"127","author":"McFadyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.06.029","article-title":"The hypercoagulable state in COVID-19: incidence, pathophysiology, and management","volume":"194","author":"Abou-Ismail","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076029620962853","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029620962853","article-title":"COVID-19 and hypercoagulability: a review","volume":"26","author":"Kichloo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Appl Thromb"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B37","first-page":"e17","article-title":"Risk of thromboembolism following body-contouring surgery after massive weight loss","volume":"15","author":"Griffin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eplasty"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e318226b38b","article-title":"Abdominal contouring procedures increase activity of the coagulation cascade","volume":"69","author":"Colwell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"author":"Lip","key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B39"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889999","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.889999","article-title":"Immuno-thrombotic complications of COVID-19: implications for timing of surgery and anticoagulation","volume":"9","author":"Bunch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.322228","article-title":"A post-pandemic enigma: the cardiovascular impact of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"132","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-0896","article-title":"Autonomic dysfunction in \u2018long COVID\u2019: rationale, physiology and management strategies","volume":"21","author":"Dani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Med"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2020.09.003","article-title":"Multiorgan damage in patients with COVID-19: is the TGF- \u03b2\/BMP pathway the missing link?","volume":"5","author":"Carlson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2023.05.002","article-title":"The delaying of elective surgeries after COVID-19 infection decreases postoperative complications","volume":"17","author":"Qudaisat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2246922","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.46922","article-title":"Association of time to surgery after COVID-19 infection with risk of postoperative cardiovascular morbidity","volume":"5","author":"Bryant","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025112610170968100_ojaf141-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-022-06814-4","article-title":"Timing is everything: surgical outcomes for SARS-CoV-2 positive patients","volume":"47","author":"Codner","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J Surg"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Surgery Journal Open Forum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asjopenforum\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojaf141\/65050704\/ojaf141.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asjopenforum\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojaf141\/65050704\/ojaf141.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asjopenforum\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojaf141\/65050704\/ojaf141.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T15:17:16Z","timestamp":1764170236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asjopenforum\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojaf141\/8307576"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":46,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojaf141","relation":{},"ISSN":["2631-4797"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2631-4797"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"ojaf141"}}