{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T07:47:21Z","timestamp":1782460041541,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":64,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nanofat has been used as a \u201crescue\u201d modality to support healing after CO2 laser resurfacing with microneedling. Because demand grows for less invasive facial rejuvenation options, recombinant platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF-BB) has emerged as a popular adjunct to enhance postresurfacing recovery. The aim of this study was to compare autologous Nanofat to rhPDGF-BB as rescue treatments for pain and skin recovery following combined thermal and mechanical injury for improvement of facial rhytids. Five patients underwent full-face CO2 laser treatment followed by microneedling. Each patient received split-face randomization: one side was treated with Nanofat and the contralateral side with rhPDGF-BB (300\u2005\u00b5g\/mL). Patients were blinded to allocation. Standardized 3\u2005mm biopsies were obtained at baseline and at postprocedure Day 4, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months and evaluated by a blinded board-certified histopathologist. Outcomes included practitioner- and patient-reported Perioral Rhytid Severity Rating Scale (PR-SRS), Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), and patient satisfaction. Both treatments improved patient\/practitioner PR-SRS and GAIS beginning on Day 4 and continuing through 6 months. There were no significant differences between treatment groups (P &amp;gt; .05). Patients reported high satisfaction with both treatment groups. Overall, histopathology assessments demonstrated that both Nanofat and rhPDGF-BB supported normal wound healing and produced comparable tissue remodeling over time. Differences between treatments were subtle and confined to the early inflammatory interval, with Nanofat showing a consistently milder inflammatory response. This is the first human histologic split-face study of rhPDGF-BB in facial rejuvenation. This preliminary study found that either Nanofat or rhPDGF-BB treatment following full-face CO2 laser treatment and microneedling resulted in improved clinical and histologic outcomes. Nanofat showed milder early inflammatory changes, but both treatments produced normal wound healing and robust extracellular matrix formation and comparable tissue remodeling by 1, 3, and 6 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Level of Evidence: 2 (Therapeutic)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/asjof\/ojag033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T12:45:26Z","timestamp":1772714726000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recombinant Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB vs Autologous Nanofat to Enhance Recovery After CO2 Laser and Microneedling: A Split-Face, Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"R Brannon","family":"Claytor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5691-519X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia M","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Tolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay","family":"Durairaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Quigley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel E","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-024-04287-5","article-title":"Regenerative aesthetics: a genuine frontier or just a facet of regenerative medicine: a systematic review","volume":"49","author":"Rahman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-018-1293-9","article-title":"The use of platelet-rich plasma in aesthetic and regenerative medicine: a comprehensive review","volume":"43","author":"Samadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000003239","article-title":"The emerging field of regenerative aesthetics\u2014where we are now","volume":"48","author":"Zarbafian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02901.x","article-title":"A histological study of human wrinkle structures: comparison between sun-exposed areas of the face, with or without wrinkles, and sun-protected areas: histology of wrinkles","volume":"140","author":"Contet-Audonneau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12073","article-title":"Comparative study of various growth factors and cytokines on type I collagen and hyaluronan production in human dermal fibroblasts","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X10386930","article-title":"Outcomes of fractional CO2 laser application in aesthetic surgery: a retrospective review","volume":"30","author":"Neaman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2017.06.006","article-title":"Microneedling: where do we stand now? A systematic review of the literature","volume":"71","author":"Ramaut","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2019.08.006","article-title":"Fat grafting for facial rejuvenation with nanofat grafts","volume":"47","author":"Tonnard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaf055","article-title":"Mechanical processing of lipoaspirate with a fluidic device platform promotes wound healing transcriptional programs and angiogenesis in vitro","volume":"45","author":"Lombardo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ojad028","DOI":"10.1093\/asjof\/ojad028","article-title":"LaMiNa: a creative synergistic approach to facial rejuvenation","volume":"5","author":"Claytor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aesthetic Surg J Open Forum"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.100933","article-title":"Adipose-derived cellular and cell-derived regenerative therapies in dermatology and aesthetic rejuvenation","volume":"54","author":"Suh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4351","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12134351","article-title":"Nanofat in plastic reconstructive, regenerative, and aesthetic surgery: a review of advancements in face-focused applications","volume":"12","author":"La Padula","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ojz028","DOI":"10.1093\/asjof\/ojz028","article-title":"Cellular optimization of nanofat: comparison of two nanofat processing devices in terms of cell count and viability","volume":"1","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthetic Surg J Open Forum"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31829fe1b0","article-title":"Nanofat grafting: basic research and clinical applications","volume":"132","author":"Tonnard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjw178","article-title":"Current evidence for clinical efficacy of platelet rich plasma in aesthetic surgery: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Frautschi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12207","article-title":"Combined autologous platelet-rich plasma with microneedling verses microneedling with distilled water in the treatment of atrophic acne scars: a concurrent split-face study","volume":"15","author":"Asif","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjv231","article-title":"Expanded stem cells, stromal-vascular fraction, and platelet-rich plasma enriched fat: comparing results of different facial rejuvenation approaches in a clinical trial","volume":"36","author":"Rigotti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.9.1282","article-title":"Periodontal regeneration in humans using recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) and allogenic bone","volume":"74","author":"Nevins","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01231","article-title":"Recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor: biology and clinical applications","volume":"90","author":"Hollinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2021.11.003","article-title":"Applications of the regenerative capacity of platelets in modern medicine","volume":"64","author":"Cecerska-Hery\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"09636897231175968","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897231175968","article-title":"Highly pluripotent adipose-derived stem cell\u2013enriched nanofat: a novel translational system in stem cell therapy","volume":"32","author":"Quintero Sierra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjz240","article-title":"Topical nanofat biocr\u00e8me improves aesthetic outcomes of nonablative fractionated laser treatment: a preliminary report","volume":"40","author":"Cohen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjx183","article-title":"Nanofat grafting for scar treatment and skin quality improvement","volume":"38","author":"Uyulmaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjx078","article-title":"Regenerative cells for facial surgery: biofilling and biocontouring","volume":"37","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000010905","article-title":"Effects of nanofat in plastic and reconstructive surgery: a systematic review","volume":"154","author":"Tran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.2217\/rme-2017-0076","article-title":"Comparing different nanofat procedures on scars: role of the stromal vascular fraction and its clinical implications","volume":"12","author":"Gentile","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regen Med"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009466","article-title":"Microneedling outcomes in early postsurgical scars","volume":"150","author":"Claytor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(86)90228-9","article-title":"The measurement of clinical pain intensity: a comparison of six methods","volume":"27","author":"Jensen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B29","author":"Tonnard"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.1329","article-title":"Use of condensed nanofat combined with fat grafts to treat atrophic scars","volume":"20","author":"Gu","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.08.008","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative dermal change with microfat grafting of facial scars","volume":"137","author":"Sardesai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B32","author":"Klinger"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjz066","article-title":"Conventional nanofat and SVF\/ADSC-concentrated nanofat: a comparative study on improving photoaging of nude mice skin","volume":"39","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12010117","article-title":"Adipose-derived stem cells for facial rejuvenation","volume":"12","author":"Surowiecka","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.2.565","article-title":"Injury induces in vivo expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PDGF receptor mRNAs in skin epithelial cells and PDGF mRNA in connective tissue fibroblasts","volume":"88","author":"Antoniades","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112466","article-title":"FDA-approved bone grafts and bone graft substitute devices in bone regeneration","volume":"130","author":"Gillman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-4644(19980501)69:2&lt;169::aid-jcb7&gt;3.0.co;2-q","article-title":"Pulse application of platelet-derived growth factor enhances formation of a mineralizing matrix while continuous application is inhibitory","volume":"69","author":"Hsieh","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01390-0","article-title":"PDGF-BB-derived supramolecular hydrogel for promoting skin wound healing","volume":"20","author":"Jian","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2023.02.027","article-title":"Combination of PDGF-BB and adipose-derived stem cells accelerated wound healing through modulating PTEN\/AKT pathway","volume":"54","author":"Lai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59040676","article-title":"Histologic evidence of oral and periodontal regeneration using recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor","volume":"59","author":"Meghil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20.00056","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.OA.20.00056","article-title":"The impact of patient age on foot and ankle arthrodesis supplemented with autograft or an autograft alternative (rhPDGF-BB\/\u03b2-TCP)","volume":"5","author":"Berlet","year":"2020","journal-title":"JB JS Open Access"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-020-00302-3","article-title":"Effect of PDGF-B gene-activated acellular matrix and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on full thickness skin burn wound in rat model","volume":"18","author":"Paramasivam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B43","first-page":"1399","article-title":"Tissue repair processes in healing chronic pressure ulcers treated with recombinant platelet-derived growth factor BB","volume":"145","author":"Pierce","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B44","author":"Steed"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B45","first-page":"629","article-title":"Platelet-derived growth factor-BB and transforming growth factor beta 1 selectively modulate glycosaminoglycans, collagen, and myofibroblasts in excisional wounds","volume":"138","author":"Pierce","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B46","author":"Shackelford"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200309000-00029","article-title":"Promoting healing with recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor\u2013BB in a previously irradiated problem wound","volume":"113","author":"Hom","year":"2003","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-475X.2003.11508.x","article-title":"Influence of platelet-derived growth factor on microcirculation during normal and impaired wound healing","volume":"11","author":"Uhl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"2026062603045854300_ojag033-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-019-01235-w","article-title":"Damage-associated molecular patterns in trauma","volume":"46","author":"Relja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"}],"container-title":["Aesthetic Surgery Journal Open Forum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asjopenforum\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojag033\/67254007\/ojag033.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asjopenforum\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojag033\/68100294\/ojag033.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asjopenforum\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojag033\/68100294\/ojag033.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T07:05:10Z","timestamp":1782457510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/asjopenforum\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojag033\/8508643"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":49,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojag033","relation":{},"ISSN":["2631-4797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2631-4797","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"ojag033"}}