{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T09:36:05Z","timestamp":1788428165474,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microneedling (MN) and microneedling-radiofrequency (MN-RF) result in skin rejuvenation and skin exposure to pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim was to determine histopathological changes of needle-depth injuries in preauricular skin and measure time-dependent repair of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MN and MN-RF procedures were performed at 0.5- and 1.5-mm needle depths on preauricular skin strips from a facelift patient. In 10 subjects, MN and MN-RF procedures were performed at 0.5-mm needle lengths on 6 marked opposing face and body sites. MN and MN-RF at 1.5-mm needle lengths were also carried out on each subject\u2019s midface skin lateral to the nasolabial fold. TEWL measurements were recorded with a calibrated DermaLab Cortex device (Hadsund, Denmark).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Histological examination confirmed that the penetration depths of microchannels closely approximated the 0.5- or 1.5-mm needle lengths. In addition, MN-RF exhibited zones of coagulation injury at the distal end of the channel. After MN or MN-RF at 0.5-mm needle length, TEWL values were greatest immediately after needling to scalp, midface, neck, chest, arm, and thigh sites and remained slightly higher than baseline throughout the 48-h evaluation period. TEWL measurements after MN or MN-RF at 1.5-mm needle length resulted in the highest- and longest-lasting values throughout the 2-day observation period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MN and MN-RF devices are novel devices that require further investigation into optimal treatment parameters and protocols, patient selection, and protection against intrusion of external pathogens and reactive cosmeceutical ingredients with barrier repair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence: 2<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p\/>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/asjof\/ojz017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T12:10:46Z","timestamp":1564488646000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Significance of Trans-Epidermal Water Loss After Microneedling and Microneedling-Radiofrequency Procedures: Histological and IRB-Approved Safety Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Gordon H","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Loma Linda Medical University, Loma Linda, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2023021304122654600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2005.02.002","article-title":"Biodegradable polymer microneedles: fabrication, mechanicand transdermal drug delivery","volume":"104","author":"Park","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Control Release."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023021304122654600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00387-06","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of microneedle technology for intradermal delivery of influenza vaccines","volume":"14","author":"Alarcon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023021304122654600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjw120","article-title":"Micro-needling depth penetration, presence of pigment particles, and fluorescein-stained platelets: clinical usage for aesthetic concerns","volume":"137","author":"Sasaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023021304122654600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000304612.72899.02","article-title":"Percutaneous collagen induction therapy: an alternative for scars, wrinkles, and skin laxity","volume":"121","author":"Aust","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023021304122654600_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20731","article-title":"Bipolar fractional radiofrequency treatment induces neoelastogenesis and neocollagenesis","volume":"41","author":"Hantash","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med."},{"key":"2023021304122654600_CIT0006"},{"key":"2023021304122654600_CIT0007","volume-title":"INTRAcel\u2122 Treatment Guideline v 2.1.1","author":"Jeisys, Inc.","year":"2011"},{"key":"2023021304122654600_CIT0008","volume-title":"Cortex Technology, DermaLab Series SkinLab Combo Instruction Manual,","year":"2013"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023021304122654600_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2006.06.021","article-title":"The skin barrier in healthy and diseased state","volume":"1758","author":"Bouwstra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"2023021304122654600_CIT0010","first-page":"261","article-title":"Epidermal lamellar body as a multifunctional secretory organelle.","volume-title":"Skin Barrier","author":"Elias"},{"key":"2023021304122654600_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R700013-JLR200","article-title":"Thematic review series: skin Lipids. 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