{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T14:10:57Z","timestamp":1789567857609,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Global Health (GH) is expanding, offering an increasing number of opportunities for engagement to trainees in medical schools and residency programs. This expansion of opportunities has not yet reached those at the fellowship level, particularly in Critical Care Medicine (CCM), Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), and Pulmonary Medicine (PM) fellowships (collectively termed PCCM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We surveyed applicants to US adult PCCM fellowship programs regarding interest in GH training and the influence of GH tracks and related opportunities on applicants\u2019 rank list decisions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a survey to assess applicants' demographics, prior GH experience, interest in pursuing GH experiences during and after fellowship, and preferences regarding GH opportunities within fellowship programs. Survey questions included multiple choice, Likert scale, and free text questions. After initial pilot testing, the survey was sent to 1,024 applicants applying to PCCM programs through the National Resident Matching Program match during the 2025 appointment year. Both univariate and multivariate regression models were built to identify predictors of GH interest.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 325 applicants who completed the survey (31.7% response rate), 51% stated the GH was at least slightly important when ranking a given fellowship program. According to the surveyed applicants, the most important GH program elements were faculty mentors with GH experience within the division, opportunities for GH-related clinical service in the US, and established partnerships outside the US where fellows could rotate. Perceived barriers to a career in GH included lack of protected time for international work, family obligations, and lack of institutional funding. We also found a significant association on multivariate analysis between prior GH work and interest in pursuing it at the fellowship level (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.04-5.49, p\u2009=\u20090.04).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Applicants to US PCCM fellowship programs with prior GH experience are most likely to have a significant interest in pursuing GH work at the fellowship level. Important elements to a GH program within PCCM include faculty mentorship, opportunities for GH-related clinical service in the US, and established partnerships outside the US.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Funding<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MLS completed this work while supported on grant 5T32HL091816 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/atsscholar\/aapag059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:51:37Z","timestamp":1789566697000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prioritizing Global Health Education in Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellowships: An Applicant Survey"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0465-1718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria L","family":"Srour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, , Indianapolis, Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3120-5888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varun U","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Addison E","family":"Montroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Indiana Statistical Consulting Center, Department of Statistics, , Bloomington, Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9892-2322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J Shirine","family":"Allam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, , Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5044-9602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Engi F","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, , Seattle, Washington"},{"name":"University of Washington Department of Global Health, , Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0057-8905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin M","family":"Burkart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Medical Center Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, , New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6739-1120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katerina L","family":"Byanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco School of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, , San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7379-240X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ba\u015fak","family":"\u00c7oruh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, , Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3888-2195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco School of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, , San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason E","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Department of Critical Care Medicine, , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1499-8073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neelima","family":"Navuluri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, , Durham, North Carolina"},{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6615-5385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crystal M","family":"North","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, , Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1232-3718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max R","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Medical Center Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, , New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6884-6465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfred C","family":"Papali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest University School of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, , Charlotte, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6695-8401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina E","family":"Rudd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Department of Critical Care Medicine, , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9914-1839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trishul","family":"Siddarthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, , Coral Gables, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7841-6298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel T","family":"Bosslet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, , Indianapolis, Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"container-title":["ATS 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