{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T12:11:08Z","timestamp":1772453468277,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16K07743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K07743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22H02289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22H02289"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Lotte Research Promotion Grant","award":["26\u2009560\u2009065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26\u2009560\u2009065"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Sex differences exist in the commensal microbiota that impact on multiple physiological processes in the host. Here, we examined the mechanism by which the sex differences are formed. In addition to the epithelial ductal cell, the acinar cell mass in the submandibular gland was associated with androgen\u2013androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Sex differences in the formation of submandibular mucin 10 (MUC10) were identified using SDS-PAGE. Neuraminidase treatment, which hydrolyzes terminal sialic acid, influenced the mobility shift of MUC10. Androgen\u2013AR signaling negatively regulated ST3 \u03b2-galactoside \u03b1-2,3-sialyltransferase 1 (St3gal1) and St3gal4 in the submandibular gland. There was a trend and significant sex differences in \u03b1-diversity (Shannon, P\u00a0=\u00a0.09) and \u03b2-diversity (unweighted UniFrac) in oral microbiota composition, respectively. Some female-preferring bacteria including Akkermansia muciniphila can assimilate mucin by degrading terminal sialic acids. Our results indicate that androgen\u2013AR signaling suppresses ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL4, which can influence sex differences in commensal microbiota composition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bbb\/zbae175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T01:47:44Z","timestamp":1732240064000},"page":"241-254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Androgens suppress the sialyltransferases ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL4 and modulate mucin 10 glycosylation in the submandibular gland, related to sex differences in commensal microbiota composition in mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Mana","family":"Deminami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai, Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miku","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai, Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University , Sakai, Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3846-388X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai, Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University , Sakai, Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukari","family":"Minami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai, Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Kitakaze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai, Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University , Sakai, Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Masuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyushu Women\u2019s University , Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeo","family":"Takenaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University , Habikino, Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Inui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai, Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University , Sakai, Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Health and Nutrition, Otemae University , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryoichi","family":"Yamaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai, Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University , Sakai, Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Center for Research and Development of Bioresources, Osaka Metropolitan University , Sakai, Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2014.11.007","article-title":"Morphology and gene expression profile of the submandibular gland of androgen-receptor-deficient mice","volume":"60","author":"Adthapanyawanich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-9-118","article-title":"Insights into the evolution of sialic acid catabolism among bacteria","volume":"9","author":"Almagro-Moreno","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwr182","article-title":"Control of mucin-type O-glycosylation: a classification of the polypeptide GalNAc-transferase gene family","volume":"22","author":"Bennett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3492","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.10.3492-3497.1991","article-title":"Interaction of a salivary mucin-secretory immunoglobulin A complex with mucosal pathogens","volume":"59","author":"Biesbrock","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R81","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-21-0238","article-title":"Female reproductive dysfunctions and the gut microbiota","volume":"69","author":"Chadchan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2014.06.006","article-title":"Sialosignaling: sialyltransferases as engines of self-fueling loops in cancer progression","volume":"1840","author":"Dall'Olio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.5005\/jcdp-9-3-72","article-title":"Saliva composition and functions: a comprehensive review","volume":"9","author":"de\u00a0Almeida\u00a0Pdel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.08.008","article-title":"Tissue- and cell-specific functions of the androgen receptor revealed through conditional knockout models in mice","volume":"352","author":"De\u00a0Gendt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.02873-0","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a human intestinal mucin-degrading bacterium","volume":"54","author":"Derrien","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J System Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2017.12.006","article-title":"Mucins: structural diversity, biosynthesis, its role in pathogenesis and as possible therapeutic targets","volume":"122","author":"Dhanisha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1561","article-title":"Role of androgen and estrogen receptors for the action of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)","volume":"155","author":"Engdahl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad3503","article-title":"Population-level analysis of gut microbiome variation","volume":"352","author":"Falony","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649643","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/649643","article-title":"Explaining gender differences in caries: a multifactorial approach to a multifactorial disease","volume":"2010","author":"Ferraro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Dent"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29759","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v7.29759","article-title":"Salivary mucins in host defense and disease prevention","volume":"7","author":"Frenkel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Oral Microbiol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7080","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27187-7","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in glucose metabolism is shaped by androgen-driven gut microbiome","volume":"12","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-05924-0","article-title":"ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1 (ST3Gal1) synthesis of Siglec ligands mediates anti-tumour immunity in prostate cancer","volume":"7","author":"Garnham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.66.2.260","article-title":"Cholinergic stimulation of salivary secretion studied with M1 and M3 muscarinic receptor single- and double-knockout mice","volume":"66","author":"Gautam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-3-99","article-title":"The role of crude human saliva and purified salivary MUC5B and MUC7 mucins in the inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in an inhibition assay","volume":"3","author":"Habte","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2018.1490172","article-title":"Role of androgens in energy metabolism affecting on body composition, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and longevity: lessons from a meta-analysis and rodent studies","volume":"82","author":"Harada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosci Biotechnol Biochem"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23001","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23001","article-title":"Castration influences intestinal microflora and induces abdominal obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice","volume":"6","author":"Harada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2016.1239680","article-title":"Hypogonadism alters cecal and fecal microbiota in male mice","volume":"7","author":"Harada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E525","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00461.2019","article-title":"Role of gut microbiota in sex- and diet-dependent metabolic disorders that lead to early mortality of androgen receptor-deficient male mice","volume":"318","author":"Harada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817719","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1817719","article-title":"Relationship between gut environment, feces-to-food ratio, and androgen deficiency-induced metabolic disorders","volume":"12","author":"Harada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2012.02250.x","article-title":"Androgen deprivation causes truncation of the C-terminal region of androgen receptor in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells","volume":"103","author":"Harada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25054","article-title":"Androgen receptor silences thioredoxin-interacting protein and competitively inhibits glucocorticoid receptor-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic \u03b2-cells","volume":"116","author":"Harada","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E274","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00211.2017","article-title":"Androgen signaling expands beta-cell mass in male rats and beta-cell androgen receptor is degraded under high-glucose conditions","volume":"314","author":"Harada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E731","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00173.2019","article-title":"Fetal androgen signaling defects affect pancreatic beta-cell mass and function, leading to glucose intolerance in high-fat diet-fed male rats","volume":"317","author":"Harada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0032","article-title":"Androgen receptor in prostate cancer","volume":"25","author":"Heinlein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2656","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa097","article-title":"Mucin-derived O-glycans act as endogenous fiber and sustain mucosal immune homeostasis via short-chain fatty acid production in rat cecum","volume":"150","author":"Hino","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2021.100344","article-title":"Ablation of liver FXR results in an increased colonic mucus barrier in mice","volume":"3","author":"Ijssennagger","year":"2021","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29661","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411694200","article-title":"Androgen receptor gene knockout male mice exhibit impaired cardiac growth and exacerbation of angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis","volume":"280","author":"Ikeda","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib33","first-page":"303","article-title":"Saliva between normal and pathological. Important factors in determining systemic and oral health","volume":"2","author":"Iorgulescu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2019.100815","article-title":"You've got male: sex and the microbiota-gut-brain axis across the lifespan","volume":"56","author":"Jaggar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2018.05.006","article-title":"A rapid separation and characterization of mucins from mouse submandibular glands by supported molecular matrix electrophoresis","volume":"1867","author":"Kameyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.04164","article-title":"Changes in testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels in male rat accessory sex organs, serum, and seminal fluid after castration: establishment of a new highly sensitive simultaneous androgen measurement method","volume":"26","author":"Kashiwagi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1677\/JME-08-0122","article-title":"Androgen receptor knockout and knock-in mouse models","volume":"42","author":"Kerkhofs","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.190009","article-title":"Sex differences in gut microbiota","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520924633","article-title":"The bacterial connection between the oral cavity and the gut diseases","volume":"99","author":"Kitamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/7.4.469","article-title":"Mouse beta-galactoside alpha 2,3-sialyltransferases: comparison of in vitro substrate specificities and tissue specific expression","volume":"7","author":"Kono","year":"1997","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12907","article-title":"Post-weaning xenohormone intake affects adult rat submandibular gland in a sex-dependent manner","volume":"24","author":"Kouidhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-022-00536-3","article-title":"Gut environment changes due to androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer","volume":"26","author":"Kure","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-022-00373-4","article-title":"Alterations of gut microbiota diversity, composition and metabonomics in testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia rats","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20530","article-title":"Explaining sex differences in dental caries prevalence: saliva, hormones, and \u201clife-history\u201d etiologies","volume":"18","author":"Lukacs","year":"2006","journal-title":"American J Hum Biol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2018.08.010","article-title":"The role of natural salivary defences in maintaining a healthy oral microbiota","volume":"80","author":"Lynge\u00a0Pedersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1233521","article-title":"Sex differences in the gut microbiome drive hormone-dependent regulation of autoimmunity","volume":"339","author":"Markle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2021.03.003","article-title":"Membrane-associated mucins of the human ocular surface in health and disease","volume":"21","author":"Martinez-Carrasco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12840","article-title":"Comparing human and mouse salivary glands: a practice guide for salivary researchers","volume":"25","author":"Maruyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.06.139","article-title":"Lineage-specific cell disruption in living mice by Cre-mediated expression of diphtheria toxin A chain","volume":"321","author":"Matsumura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9969(01)00027-9","article-title":"An alternatively spliced Muc10 glycoprotein ligand for putative l-selectin binding during mouse embryonic submandibular gland morphogenesis","volume":"46","author":"Melnick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1620341","article-title":"Androgen receptor expression of proliferating basal and luminal cells in adult murine ventral prostate","volume":"162","author":"Mirosevich","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.12625","article-title":"Sexual dimorphisms in the transcriptomes of murine salivary glands","volume":"9","author":"Mukaibo","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.064626","article-title":"M(3) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor plays a critical role in parasympathetic control of salivation in mice","volume":"558","author":"Nakamura","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092320314","article-title":"Maintenance by androgen and thyroid hormone of androgen-induced convoluted tubular cells in mouse submandibular glands","volume":"232","author":"Oda","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2016.1203502","article-title":"Sex differences and hormonal effects on gut microbiota composition in mice","volume":"7","author":"Org","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)49899-1","article-title":"Loss of the disease-associated glycosyltransferase Galnt3 alters Muc10 glycosylation and the composition of the oral microbiome","volume":"295","author":"Peluso","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e84877","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084877","article-title":"Probiotic microbes sustain youthful serum testosterone levels and testicular size in aging mice","volume":"9","author":"Poutahidis","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(00)81896-0","article-title":"Purification of a low-molecular-weight, mucin-type glycoprotein from human submandibular-sublingual saliva","volume":"108","author":"Prakobphol","year":"1982","journal-title":"Carbohydr Res"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2800341","article-title":"Large-scale purification and characterization of the major phosphoproteins and mucins of human submandibular-sublingual saliva","volume":"280","author":"Ramasubbu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345000790100601","article-title":"Immunoquantification of human salivary mucins MG1 and MG2 in stimulated whole saliva: factors influencing mucin levels","volume":"79","author":"Rayment","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bvaa177","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvaa177","article-title":"Intersection of polycystic Ovary syndrome and the gut microbiome","volume":"5","author":"Rizk","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.42","article-title":"Gut microbiota, metabolites and host immunity","volume":"16","author":"Rooks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0305303101","article-title":"Brain masculinization requires androgen receptor function","volume":"101","author":"Sato","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)02774-2","article-title":"Late onset of obesity in male androgen receptor-deficient (AR KO) mice","volume":"300","author":"Sato","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1159\/000147042","article-title":"Effects of castration and sex steroids on sexually dimorphic development of the mouse submandibular gland","volume":"140","author":"Sawada","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.12.243","article-title":"Developmental pattern of androgen receptor immunoreactivity in the mouse submandibular gland","volume":"12","author":"Sawada","year":"1995","journal-title":"Zoolog Sci"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2213112","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2023.2213112","article-title":"The interplay between oral microbiota, gut microbiota and systematic diseases","volume":"15","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Oral Microbiol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msz223","article-title":"Human and nonhuman primate lineage-specific footprints in the salivary proteome","volume":"37","author":"Thamadilok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/9.3.293","article-title":"Salivary mucin MG1 is comprised almost entirely of different glycosylated forms of the MUC5B gene product","volume":"9","author":"Thornton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07540","article-title":"A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins","volume":"457","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-018-1505-3","article-title":"Insights into the human oral microbiome","volume":"200","author":"Verma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7183","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16148","article-title":"Global functions of O-glycosylation: promises and challenges in O-glycobiology","volume":"288","author":"Wandall","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50663","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202050663","article-title":"Male castration increases adiposity via small intestinal microbial alterations","volume":"22","author":"Whon","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2007.00407.x","article-title":"Salivary gel-forming mucin MUC5B\u2014a nutrient for dental plaque bacteria","volume":"23","author":"Wickstr\u00f6m","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2005-0436SF","article-title":"Airway mucus: from production to secretion","volume":"34","author":"Williams","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.06.007","article-title":"Indoleacrylic acid produced by commensal Peptostreptococcus species suppresses inflammation","volume":"22","author":"Wlodarska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24239","article-title":"Characteristics of \u03b12,3-sialyl N-glycosylated PSA as a biomarker for clinically significant prostate cancer in men with elevated PSA level","volume":"81","author":"Yoneyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.013","article-title":"Gender bias in autoimmunity is influenced by microbiota","volume":"39","author":"Yurkovetskiy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/13.9.2234","article-title":"Effects of testosterone on glomerular growth after uninephrectomy","volume":"13","author":"Zeier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2025012412054691800_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02331407","article-title":"Androgen receptor in rat harderian and submandibular glands","volume":"28","author":"Zhuang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Histochem J"}],"container-title":["Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bbb\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/bbb\/zbae175\/60781469\/zbae175.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bbb\/article-pdf\/89\/2\/241\/60781469\/zbae175.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bbb\/article-pdf\/89\/2\/241\/60781469\/zbae175.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T12:05:58Z","timestamp":1737720358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bbb\/article\/89\/2\/241\/7906610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bbb\/zbae175","relation":{},"ISSN":["1347-6947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1347-6947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]}}}