{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T02:15:15Z","timestamp":1783131315255,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21H01974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H01974"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24K01526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K01526"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Microalgae have been explored as a viable alternative food source. Among them, Euglena gracilis stands out as a promising single-cell algae. However, the challenge lies in developing more efficient and cost-effective methods for industrial mass production of E. gracilis under controlled culture conditions. Our research aimed to address this by investigating the role of nanotechnology in using fine to ultra-fine bubble CO2 (FB-CO2)\u2014ranging from micrometer to nanometer size\u2014as feeding material to promote cell harvest of E. gracilis Z in autotrophic culture conditions. Our findings suggest that feeding E. gracilis Z with FB-CO2 increased cell growth and chlorophyll content in autotrophic culture conditions. The promotion effect can be attributed to the provision of non-ionized carbon dioxide to the photosynthetic system, which was further enhanced by the dispersion of FB-CO2 in the culture media under acidic conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bbb\/zbae210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T05:47:16Z","timestamp":1735710436000},"page":"638-648","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of ultrafine CO2 bubbles on <i>Euglena gracilis Z<\/i> growth with CO2 gas bubble size and chlorophyll content"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3516-7912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shino","family":"Suzuki-Nagata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University , Hamamatsu, Shizuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6244-4916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Mase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University , Hamamatsu, Shizuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Kozuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University , Hamamatsu, Shizuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1203-1854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack C","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland , Brisbane ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University , Hamamatsu, Shizuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032500382390800_bib1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Growth of Euglena, a photosynthetic alga, by light emitting diodes","volume":"9","author":"Aiga","year":"1997","journal-title":"CELSS J"},{"key":"2025032500382390800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.24.1.1","article-title":"Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. 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