{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:53:25Z","timestamp":1782287605938,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology","award":["JPMJFR2204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJFR2204"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Monoclonal antibodies are essential tools in biological research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. While mammalian expression systems are widely used, microbial hosts such as Escherichia coli offer cost-effective and scalable production of antibody fragments but often yield inclusion bodies requiring refolding. In this study, we report a combined strategy using a translation-enhancing SKIK peptide tag and a leucine zipper-fused Fab format to improve expression in Escherichia coli, together with a continuous, dialysis-based automated refolding system. Compared with the conventional stepwise method, the automated process recovered model antibodies with equivalent antigen-binding activity and refolding yield (approximately 98%), while reducing processing time to 40%, waste volume to 69%, and chemical consumption to 47% of the modified stepwise process. The apparatus is simple to set up and operate, making it applicable from laboratory to industrial scales. This resource-efficient and scalable approach provides a practical alternative for scalable antibody fragment production in microbial systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bbb\/zbaf197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T12:51:58Z","timestamp":1766494318000},"page":"429-437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A strategy for scalable antibody production: the combination of\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    expression, translation-enhancing peptide and automated refolding system"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Tung Anh","family":"Hoang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 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