{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T10:00:49Z","timestamp":1784800849756,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006089","name":"Tojuro Iijima Foundation for Food Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Blueberry leaves (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton), cultivated in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, represent a promising natural health-promoting resource. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of blueberry leaf extract (BLEx) using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264 macrophage cells. BLEx (up to 100\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL) significantly suppressed nitric oxide production and reduced both the secretion and mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-6, while showing no significant effect on tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, indicating selective anti-inflammatory activity. Highly polymerized proanthocyanidins, one of the major components of BLEx, contributed to the suppression of IL-1\u03b2 production. BLEx treatment also induced morphological changes, including intracellular vacuole formation, suggesting the involvement of autophagy. Consistently, the expression of autophagy-related factors increased in a concentration-dependent manner, and inhibition of autophagy attenuated the suppressive effect of BLEx on IL-1\u03b2. Overall, BLEx exerts anti-inflammatory effects partly via autophagy activation and may be useful for preventing IL-1\u03b2-related inflammatory disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bbb\/zbag063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T11:38:50Z","timestamp":1778153930000},"page":"1095-1104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Proanthocyanidin-rich fractions prepared from blueberry leaf hot-water extracts inhibits interleukin-1\u03b2 production in RAW264 cells and induces autophagy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Naoya","family":"Takehara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, , Miyazaki 889-2192 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Kodama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miyazaki, 1-1 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