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In this study, we found a novel strain, Lentilactobacillus hilgardii H-50, that enhanced intestinal IgA production among L. hilgardii strains. Heat-killed H-50 strain increased IgA secretion from mouse Peyer\u2019s patch cells and elevated faecal IgA levels in vivo. Although this strain also induced the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10, IL-6 was essential for IgA production, whereas IL-10 contributed less to it. Cell surface components, including cell wall components and S-layer protein, but not nucleic acids, enhanced IL-6 induction and IgA production. Furthermore, H-50 exhibited TLR2 ligand activity, and blockade of TLR2 signaling abolished IL-6 induction and IgA production. These results indicate that H-50 enhances intestinal IgA production via a TLR2-dependent, IL-6-mediated mechanism. This strain can potentially be used as a paraprobiotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bbb\/zbag098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T21:52:12Z","timestamp":1782856332000},"page":"1390-1398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A novel paraprobiotic strain,\n                    <i>Lentilactobacillus hilgardii<\/i>\n                    H-50 enhances intestinal IgA production via TLR2-dependent IL-6 induction driven by its cell surface components"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Yoshinari","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rina","family":"Kanazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University , Hiroshima 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