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However, field-based studies are rare, and the role of environmental factors in eliciting host behavioral modification is often not considered. We examined the effects of temperature, relative humidity (RH), time of day, date, and an irradiation proxy on behavioral modification of the ant Formica polyctena (F\u00f6rster, 1850) by the brain-encysting lancet liver fluke Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Rudolphi, 1819). This fluke induces ants to climb and bite to vegetation by the mandibles in a state of temporary tetany. A total of 1264 individual ants expressing the modified behavior were observed over 13 non-consecutive days during one year in the Bidstrup Forests, Denmark. A sub-set of those ants (N\u2005=\u2005172) was individually marked to track the attachment and release of infected ants in relation to variation in temperature. Infected ants primarily attached to vegetation early and late in the day, corresponding to low temperature and high RH, presumably coinciding with the grazing activity of potential herbivorous definitive hosts. Temperature was the single most important determinant for the induced phenotypic change. On warm days, infected ants altered between the manipulated and non-manipulated state multiple times, while on cool days, many infected ants remained attached to the vegetation all day. Our results suggest that the temperature sensitivity of the infected ants serves the dual purpose of exposing infected ants to the next host at an opportune time, while protecting them from exposure to high temperatures, which might increase host (and parasite) mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arad064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T00:15:08Z","timestamp":1692922508000},"page":"960-968","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Expression of trematode-induced zombie-ant behavior is strongly associated with temperature"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9736-1587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone Nordstrand","family":"Gasque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4837-5974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian Lund","family":"Fredensborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023111011163535900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1086\/603640","article-title":"The life of a dead ant: the expression of an adaptive extended phenotype","volume":"174","author":"Andersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"2023111011163535900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/ary198","article-title":"Do zombie ant fungi turn their hosts into light seekers","volume":"30","author":"Andriolli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"2023111011163535900_CIT0003","first-page":"259","article-title":"Cycle annuel d\u2019activit\u00e9 des fourmis parasit\u00e9es par les m\u00e9tacercaires de Dicrocoelium lanceolatum (Ruddolphi 1819)","volume":"6","author":"Badie","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ann Rech Vet"},{"key":"2023111011163535900_CIT0004","first-page":"629","article-title":"Les fourmis parasit\u00e9es par Dicrocoelium lanceolatum, Rudolphi en limousin. 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