{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:27:36Z","timestamp":1786724856415,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ASAB\/ABS Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Research"},{"name":"Austrian Ministry for Education, Science and Research","award":["BMWF-66.006\/0009-II\/3b\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMWF-66.006\/0009-II\/3b\/2012"]}]},{"name":"Austrian Ministry for Education, Science and Research","award":["BMBWF-66.006\/0015-V\/3B\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBWF-66.006\/0015-V\/3B\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Austrian Ministry for Education, Science and Research","award":["GZ 2021-0.873.421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZ 2021-0.873.421"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Foraging animals need to balance the trade-off between the benefits of exploiting new resources and the unknown risks they entail. Changing environments are especially challenging, as this balance between risk and reward needs to be constantly reevaluated. One strategy animals, and in particular scavengers employ, is using conspecifics and heterospecifics as sources of information to access food. In this study, we focused on free-ranging ravens that habitually forage in a wildlife park together with heterospecifics (boars) and tested their responses to unfamiliar and unpredictable foraging situations. In the 2-sites experiment (E1), we presented them with a choice between an unfamiliar (new) and a familiar (old) foraging site; in the object experiment (E2), we presented them with an object, otherwise not seen in the wildlife park, positioned randomly next to 1 of the sites. In both experiments, we found that ravens delayed their initial approach until the boars reached the food. In E1, ravens took longer to approach the food; stole more food from conspecifics but visited in larger numbers at the new site compared with the old. In conclusion: they flexibly used others, including heterospecifics, as sources of knowledge and means to access food. In E2, the object had a stronger aversive effect at the old site than at the new site, suggesting that the effect of unpredictability is stronger in familiar environments, where it might cause an expectancy violation. Our findings highlight that the behavior toward conspecifics and heterospecifics should be considered when studying scavengers' adaptability to changing environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arag093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T11:10:54Z","timestamp":1785323454000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ravens (\n                    <i>Corvus corax<\/i>\n                    ) use conspecifics and heterospecifics to navigate risky foraging scenarios"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0366-8845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Damini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna , Djerassiplatz 1, Vienna 1030 ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Konrad Lorenz Research Center for Behavior and Cognition, Core Facility of the University of Vienna , Fischerau 13, Gr\u00fcnau im Almtal 4645 ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnout","family":"Lindeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Ecology Group, Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University and Research , Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primatology , Kellnerweg 4, G\u00f6ttingen 37077 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awani","family":"Bapat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna , Djerassiplatz 1, Vienna 1030 ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Konrad Lorenz Research Center for Behavior and Cognition, Core Facility of the University of Vienna , Fischerau 13, Gr\u00fcnau im Almtal 4645 ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7042-3461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Sumasgutner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna , Djerassiplatz 1, Vienna 1030 ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Konrad Lorenz Research Center for Behavior and Cognition, Core Facility of the University of Vienna , Fischerau 13, Gr\u00fcnau im Almtal 4645 ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bugnyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna , Djerassiplatz 1, Vienna 1030 ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Konrad Lorenz Research Center for Behavior and Cognition, Core Facility of the University of Vienna , Fischerau 13, Gr\u00fcnau im Almtal 4645 ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecofro.2025.12.017","article-title":"Human activity and footprint have differential effects on scavenger assemblages at carrion provided by apex carnivores","volume":"46","author":"Allen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ecol Front"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Altmann","year":"1974.","DOI":"10.1163\/156853974X00534"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2307\/3803088","article-title":"Suggestions for presenting the results of data analyses","volume":"65","author":"Anderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Wildl Manag"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arv201","article-title":"The town bird and the country bird: problem solving and immunocompetence vary with urbanization","volume":"27","author":"Audet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav Ecol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Baayen","year":"2007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2007.12.005"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(81)80117-0","article-title":"Producers and scroungers: a general model and its application to captive flocks of house sparrows","volume":"29","author":"Barnard","year":"1981","journal-title":"Anim Behav."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2023.09.008","article-title":"Global change influences scavenging and carrion decomposition","volume":"39","author":"Bartel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B8","author":"Barto\u0144","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2005.05.010","article-title":"Developing an evolutionary ecology of fear: how life history and natural history traits affect disturbance tolerance in birds","volume":"71","author":"Blumstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anim Behav."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2012.09.024","article-title":"Social bonds and rank acquisition in raven nonbreeder aggregations","volume":"84","author":"Braun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim Behav."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2020.08.012","article-title":"Unpredictable risk enhances induced neophobia in northern red-bellied dace","volume":"168","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim Behav."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-015-1888-y","article-title":"Background risk and recent experience influences retention of neophobic responses to predators","volume":"69","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.2712","article-title":"Phenotypically plastic neophobia: a response to variable predation risk","volume":"280","author":"Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0310.2002.00832.x","article-title":"Scrounging tactics in free-ranging ravens, Corvus corax","volume":"108","author":"Bugnyar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-22456-5_6","volume-title":"Model selection and multimodel inference","author":"Burnham","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12560","article-title":"An ecological framework of neophobia: from cells to organisms to populations","volume":"95","author":"Crane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.13019","article-title":"Uncertainty about predation risk: a conceptual review","volume":"99","author":"Crane","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-020-01781-w","article-title":"Ravens respond to unfamiliar corvid alarm calls","volume":"161","author":"Dav\u00eddkov\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ornithol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031444","article-title":"Conspecific and heterospecific information use in bumblebees","volume":"7","author":"Dawson","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.70366","article-title":"Integrating lab- and field-based approaches to decipher individuals\u2019 response to anthropogenic change","volume":"29","author":"De Guinea","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ecol Lett."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-019-2687-7","article-title":"Who's where? Ecological uncertainty shapes neophobic predator avoidance in Trinidadian guppies","volume":"73","author":"Feyten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2012.04.014","article-title":"Friend or foe: conflicting demands and conditional risk taking by opportunistic scavengers","volume":"422\u2013423","author":"Fodrie","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Exp Mar Biol Ecol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/eth.12986","article-title":"Decision time modulates social foraging success in wild common ravens, Corvus corax","volume":"126","author":"Gallego-Abenza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar7121","article-title":"The influence of human disturbance on wildlife nocturnality","volume":"360","author":"Gaynor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2021.105462","article-title":"Smart carnivores think twice: red fox delays scavenging on conspecific carcasses to reduce parasite risk","volume":"243","author":"Gonz\u00e1lvez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27764","article-title":"Contagious risk taking: social information and context influence wild jackdaws\u2019 responses to novelty and risk","volume":"6","author":"Greggor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/btp.70003","article-title":"Mineral licks: an overlooked model system for species interactions","volume":"57","author":"Griffiths","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biotropica"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(71)90189-5","article-title":"Geometry for the selfish herd","volume":"31","author":"Hamilton","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Theor Biol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1139\/z01-163","article-title":"Differential responses of coyotes to novel stimuli in familiar and unfamiliar settings","volume":"79","author":"Harris","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can J Zool."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.2307\/4089030","article-title":"An experimental investigation of insight in common ravens (Corvus corax)","volume":"112","author":"Heinrich","year":"1995","journal-title":"Auk."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00172134","article-title":"Do common ravens yell because they want to attract others?","volume":"28","author":"Heinrich","year":"1991","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3389\/fbirs.2023.1119507","article-title":"Scavengers use natural and anthropogenic resources connecting protected areas with surrounding lands","volume":"2","author":"Ho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Bird Sci"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B33","volume-title":"Social learning","author":"Hoppitt","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/872bc5d4-93ed-4cb3-b6ed-539ead778ad8","article-title":"Settling decisions and heterospecific social information use in shrikes","volume":"3","author":"Hromada","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B35","unstructured":"Damini S, Lindeman A, Bapat A, Sumasgutner P, Bugnyar B. 2026. Data from: Ravens Corvus corax) use conspecifics and heterospecifics to navigate risky foraging scenarios. Behav Ecol. 10.5281\/zenodo.21106026."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2013.03.013","article-title":"Dominance, pair bonds and boldness determine social-foraging tactics in rooks, Corvus frugilegus","volume":"85","author":"Jolles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim Behav."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(97)01093-0","article-title":"Risk-sensitivity: crossroads for theories of decision-making","volume":"1","author":"Kacelnik","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-016-2075-5","article-title":"Safety in numbers: the dilution effect and other drivers of group life in the face of danger","volume":"70","author":"Lehtonen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1139\/z90-092","article-title":"Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus","volume":"68","author":"Lima","year":"1990","journal-title":"Can J Zool."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00404-4","article-title":"Fission-fusion dynamics over large distances in raven non-breeders","volume":"7","author":"Loretto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adz9467","article-title":"Ravens anticipate wolf kill sites across broad scales","volume":"391","author":"Loretto","year":"2026","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12012","article-title":"Behavioural responses of wildlife to urban environments","volume":"88","author":"Lowry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.70485","article-title":"Linking functional traits to trophic roles in scavenger assemblages","volume":"15","author":"Marie Montenegro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecol Evol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.5038\/2162-4593.9.1.5","article-title":"Cultural coevolution: how the human bond with crows and ravens extends theory and raises new questions","volume":"9","author":"Marzluff","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Ecol Anthropol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00159228","article-title":"A general framework for understanding the effects of variability and interruptions on foraging behaviour","volume":"36","author":"McNamara","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Biotheor"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/oik.10826","article-title":"Scavenging and social interaction of an apex avian scavenger is governed by bioregional and seasonal variation","volume":"2024","author":"Meisuria","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.2009.01632.x","article-title":"Spatial neophilia and spatial neophobia in resident and migratory warblers (Sylvia)","volume":"115","author":"Mettke-Hofmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.10.045","article-title":"Socio-ecological correlates of neophobia in corvids","volume":"32","author":"Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-015-1935-8","article-title":"Differences in exploration behaviour in common ravens and carrion crows during development and across social context","volume":"69","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4364","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22632-y","article-title":"Spatially explicit poisoning risk affects survival rates of an obligate scavenger","volume":"8","author":"Monadjem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2023.1158887","article-title":"Migrant orangutan males use social learning to adapt to new habitat after dispersal","volume":"11","author":"M\u00f6rchen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Ecol Evol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2020.559690","article-title":"The role of cognition in social information use for breeding site selection: experimental evidence in a wild passerine population","volume":"8","author":"Morinay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Ecol Evol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2020.01.002","article-title":"Heterospecific song quality as social information for settlement decisions: an experimental approach in a wild bird","volume":"161","author":"Morinay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim Behav."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.2307\/1297632","article-title":"Feeding behavior and predator avoidance in heterospecific groups","volume":"27","author":"Morse","year":"1977","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-025-03651-y","article-title":"Intra- and inter-species information transfer aids tropical fish shoals in detecting predators and food sources","volume":"79","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Sociobiol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.baae.2022.03.006","article-title":"Foraging risk in scavenging ecology: a study of scavenger behavior and patterns of bacterial growth","volume":"61","author":"Olson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Basic Appl Ecol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2019.05.007","article-title":"Heterospecific information supports a foraging mutualism between corvids and raptors","volume":"153","author":"Orr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim Behav."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B58","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2007.00010.x","article-title":"Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolution","volume":"82","author":"R\u00e9ale","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2019.09.009","article-title":"Environmental predictability as a cause and consequence of animal movement","volume":"35","author":"Riotte-Lambert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2013.02.017","article-title":"Understanding variation in behavioural responses to human-induced rapid environmental change: a conceptual overview","volume":"85","author":"Sih","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim Behav."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-4571.2010.00166.x","article-title":"Evolution and behavioural responses to human-induced rapid environmental change","volume":"4","author":"Sih","year":"2011","journal-title":"Evol Appl."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1037\/com0000377","article-title":"Variation in neophilia in seven primate species","volume":"138","author":"Souganidis","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Comp Psychol"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2814-2_8","volume-title":"Insect learning","author":"Stephens","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2006.03.015","article-title":"Novel object exploration in ravens (Corvus corax): effects of social relationships","volume":"73","author":"St\u00f6we","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav Processes."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.2006.01273.x","article-title":"Effects of group size on approach to novel objects in ravens (Corvus corax)","volume":"112","author":"St\u00f6we","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"issue":"S2","key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-007-0145-1","article-title":"Behavioural phenotypes may determine whether social context facilitates or delays novel object exploration in ravens (Corvus corax)","volume":"148","author":"St\u00f6we","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Ornithol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-022-01693-7","article-title":"Fear of the new? Geckos hesitate to attack novel prey, feed near objects and enter a novel space","volume":"26","author":"Szabo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim Cogn."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2020.586058","article-title":"Diffusion of social information in non-grouping animals","volume":"8","author":"T\u00f3th","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Ecol Evol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2010.00164.x","article-title":"Behavioural responses to human-induced environmental change","volume":"86","author":"Tuomainen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arac002","article-title":"Environmental variability as a predictor of behavioral flexibility in urban environments","volume":"33","author":"Vardi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behav Ecol."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56138-y","article-title":"Individual exploratory responses are not repeatable across time or context for four species of food-storing corvid","volume":"10","author":"Vernouillet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12954","article-title":"Social learning in non-grouping animals","volume":"98","author":"Webster","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc."},{"key":"2026081410570529900_arag093-B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jav.03437","article-title":"Startling ravens Corvus corax at foraging: differences in anti-predator behaviour can be explained by age rather than personality","volume":"2025","author":"Wei\u00dfenborn","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Avian Biol."}],"container-title":["Behavioral Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/beheco\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/beheco\/arag093\/70386855\/arag093.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/beheco\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/beheco\/arag093\/70386855\/arag093.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/beheco\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/beheco\/arag093\/70386855\/arag093.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T15:29:13Z","timestamp":1786721353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/beheco\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/beheco\/arag093\/8747402"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Rachael","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/beheco\/arag093","relation":{},"ISSN":["1045-2249","1465-7279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1045-2249","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-7279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"article-number":"arag093"}}