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Endocrine-disrupting contaminants are predicted to alter how males allocate reproductive effort, yet their behavioral effects across different mating contexts remain poorly understood. We examined whether exposure to 17\u03b1-ethinylestradiol (EE2; 43 to 1,100\u2005ng\/L), a synthetic estrogen used in the contraceptive pill that enters aquatic systems via wastewater effluent, alters male courtship behavior and sperm traits in a freshwater fish (Dermogenys collettei). Using assays in which males encountered females either sequentially or simultaneously, we quantified courtship behavior and latency to interact, alongside sperm viability, morphology, and performance. Exposure to high EE2 consistently reduced male mating effort. Exposed males were slower to initiate interactions with females and expressed less courtship behavior in both sequential and simultaneous assays. In contrast, EE2 had no detectable effects on sperm traits, and male preferences for female gravid spot size were unaffected. These findings suggest estrogenic pollution can disproportionately reduce mating effort, revealing a decoupling between behavioral and postcopulatory responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arag118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T10:42:13Z","timestamp":1790073733000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Widespread endocrine-disrupting pollutant alters male courtship behavior in a livebearing fish"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4480-8891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiho","family":"Ozeki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Monash University , 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Renner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius 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Victoria 3800 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Zoology, Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius v\u00e4g 18b, Stockholm 114 18 ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Skogsmarksgr\u00e4nd 17, Ume\u00e5 907 36 ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5791-336X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niclas","family":"Kolm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius v\u00e4g 18b, Stockholm 114 18 ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9544-9094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jake M","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Monash University , 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800 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